Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/ure

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Etymology

Cognates found in Northern and Central Tungusic are well established, however those in Jurchen and Manchu are somewhat difficult to reconcile phonetically. Some hypotheses postulate a Chukotko-Kamchatkan influence in Southern Tungusic. Compare for instance Chukchi выквын (wəkwən, “stone”), Koryak выввын (wəwwən, “stone”) and Itelmen вач (vač, “rock”), from Proto-Chukotko-Kamchatkan *ɣəv(ɣəv) (“stone”).

Noun

*ure

1. mountain

Descendants

• Northern
  • Evenki: урэ (urə)
  • Even: урэкчэн (urəkcən)
  • Oroqen: urə
• Central
  • Oroch: увэ (uve), уэ (ue)
  • Udihe: вэ (ve), уэ (ue)
• South-Eastern
  • Nanai: хурэ̄н (xurēn)
  • Orok: хурэ (xure)
  • Ulch: хурэ (xure)
• (?) South-Western
  • Jurchen: wehe (“stone”), 兀黑 (wu-hei /⁠uhe⁠/, “stone”)
    • Manchu: ᠸᡝᡥᡝ (wehe, “stone”)

References

• Cincius, V. I. (1977) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Leningrad: Nauka, page 289
• Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 161.
• Fortescue, Michael (2005) Comparative Chukotko-Kamchatkan dictionary (Trends in Linguistic Documentation; 23), Berlin – New York: de Gruyter, →ISBN.