Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/saŋār

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Alternative Reconstructions

• *saŋar

Etymology

The deriving stem is *saŋā-.

The existence of the suffix *-r is unknown. However, it could be used in *kadār (“rock”) and *dar (“fathom”).

Noun

*saŋār

1. hole

Declension

Declension of *saŋār

	Singular
Nominative	*saŋār
Accusative	*saŋārba
Genitive	*saŋārŋī
Dative	*saŋārdua
Locative	*saŋārla
Ablative	*saŋārdiki
Prolative	*saŋārli
Elative	*saŋārgiʒi
Instrumental	*saŋārʒi
Delative	*saŋārlāki
Directive	*saŋārtiki
Comitative	*saŋārgili

Descendants

• Jurchenic:
  • Jurchen: 桑哈 (sangga /⁠sang-ha⁠/)
    • Manchu: ᠰᠠᠩᡤᠠ (sangga)
• Tungusic:
  • North Tungusic:
    • Even: хаӈа̄р (haŋār)
    • Evenki: саӈа̄р (saŋār)
    • Negidal: саӈа̄ (saŋā)
    • Solon: saŋār
  • South Tungusic:
    • Central:
      • Oroch: саӈа (saŋa)
      • Udihe: саӈа (saŋa)
    • South-Eastern:
      • Nanai: саӈар (saŋar)
      • Orok: са̄ӈга (sāŋa), саӈга (saŋga)
      • Ulch: саӈгал(и̇) (saŋalị)

References

• Benzing, Johannes (1955) Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 49
• Cincius, V. I. (1977) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Leningrad: Nauka, page 62
• Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 328.