Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/palŋa

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Alternative Reconstructions

• *paliŋa, *pańŋa, *parŋa

Reconstruction notes

The reconstruction of this word is not certain and reconstructed as different by few linguists.

1. EDAL reconstructs as *palŋa, also notes that the other languages except Manchu reflect *pańŋa, and the Manchu probably reflects the earlier variant *paliŋa.
2. Benzing unsurely reconstructs as *paliŋa.
3. According to Kazama, the proto-form of this noun has a consonant cluster *-rŋ-, perhaps due to PTM *-r- > -j- in Nanai .

Noun

*palŋa

1. palm of hand

Declension

Declension of *palŋa

	Singular
Nominative	*palŋa
Accusative	*palŋaba
Genitive	*palŋaŋī
Dative	*palŋadua
Locative	*palŋala
Ablative	*palŋadiki
Prolative	*palŋali
Elative	*palŋagiʒi
Instrumental	*palŋaʒi
Delative	*palŋalāki
Directive	*palŋatiki
Comitative	*palŋagili

Descendants

• Jurchenic:
  • Jurchen: 發郎哈 (falangga /⁠fa-lang-ha⁠/)
    • Manchu: ᡶᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ (falanggū)
• Tungusic:
  • North Tungusic:
    • Even: ханҥа (hanŋa)
    • Evenki: ханӈга (hanŋga)
    • Negidal: ханьӈа (xańŋa)
    • Oroqen: aŋŋa
  • South Tungusic:
    • Central:
      • Oroch: хаӈа (xaŋa)
      • Udihe: хан’а (xańa)
    • South-Eastern:
      • Nanai: пайӈа (pajŋa)
      • Orok: хаӈа (xaŋa), хаӈӈа (xaŋŋa)
      • Ulch: пан’а (pańa)

References

• Benzing, Johannes (1955) Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 45
• Cincius, V. I. (1977) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Leningrad: Nauka, pages 321, 314
• Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 326.