Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/bi-

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Verb

*bi-

1. (intransitive) to be, exist

Descendants

• Jurchenic:
  • Jurchen: 必 (bi- /⁠bi⁠/)
    • Manchu: ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ (bimbi)
• Tungusic:
  • North Tungusic:
    • Even: бидэ̄й (ʙidə̄j)
    • Evenki: бимӣ (bimī)
    • Negidal: бӣ- (bī-)
    • Oroqen: bi-
    • Solon: bi-
  • South Tungusic:
    • Central:
      • Oroch: би- (bi-)
      • Udihe: би- (bi-)
    • South-Eastern:
      • Nanai: биури (biuri)
      • Orok: бивури (biwuri)
      • Ulch: биву (biwu)

References

• Benzing, Johannes (1955) Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 145
• Cincius, V. I. (1975) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Leningrad: Nauka, pages 79-80
• Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN.