Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/ŋāla

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Noun

*ŋāla

1. hand

Declension

Declension of *ŋāla

	Singular
Nominative	*ŋāla
Accusative	*ŋālaba
Genitive	*ŋālaŋī
Dative	*ŋāladua
Locative	*ŋālala
Ablative	*ŋāladiki
Prolative	*ŋālali
Elative	*ŋālagiʒi
Instrumental	*ŋālaʒi
Delative	*ŋālalāki
Directive	*ŋālatiki
Comitative	*ŋālagili

Descendants

• Jurchenic:
  • Jurchen: 哈剌 (gala /⁠ha-la⁠/)
    • Manchu: ᡤᠠᠯᠠ (gala)
• Tungusic:
  • North Tungusic:
    • Even: ӈа̄л (ŋāl)
    • Evenki: ӈа̄лэ (ŋālə)
    • Negidal: ӈа̄ла (ŋāla)
    • Oroqen: ŋa꞉la
    • Solon: nāla
  • South Tungusic:
    • Central:
      • Oroch: ӈа̄ла (ŋāla)
      • Udihe: ӈала (ŋāla)
    • South-Eastern:
      • Nanai: ӈа̄ла (ŋāla)
      • Orok: ӈа̄ла (ŋāla)
      • Ulch: ӈа̄ла (ŋāla)

References

• Benzing, Johannes (1955) Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 20
• Cincius, V. I. (1975) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Leningrad: Nauka, pages 656-657
• Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 315.