Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/ŋāla

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Noun

*ŋāla

hand

Declension

Declension of *ŋāla

	Singular
Nominative	*ŋāla
Accusative	*ŋālaba
Genitive	*ŋālaŋī
Dative	*ŋāladua
Locative	*ŋālala
Ablative	*ŋāladiki
Prolative	*ŋālali
Elative	*ŋālagiʒi
Instrumental	*ŋālaʒi
Delative	*ŋālalāki
Directive	*ŋālatiki
Comitative	*ŋālagili

Descendants

Jurchenic:
- Jurchen: 哈剌 (gala /⁠ha-la⁠/)
  - Manchu: ᡤᠠᠯᠠ (gala)
Tungusic:
- North Tungusic:
  - Even: ӈа̄л (ŋāl)
  - Evenki: ӈа̄лэ (ŋālə)
  - Negidal: ӈа̄ла (ŋāla)
  - Oroqen: ŋa꞉la
  - Solon: nāla
- South Tungusic:
  - Central:
    - Oroch: ӈа̄ла (ŋāla)
    - Udihe: ӈала (ŋāla)
  - South-Eastern:
    - Nanai: ӈа̄ла (ŋāla)
    - Orok: ӈа̄ла (ŋāla)
    - Ulch: ӈа̄ла (ŋāla)

References

Benzing, Johannes (1955) Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 20
Cincius, V. I. (1975) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Leningrad: Nauka, pages 656-657
Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 315.