Reconstruction:Proto-South Dravidian/cām-

This Proto-South Dravidian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-South Dravidian

Noun

*cām-

1. tortoise, turtle

Descendants

• *yām-ay < cām-ay
  • Southern:
    • Southern I:
      • Tamil-Kannada:
        • Irula: ஏமெ (ēme)
        • Kannadoid:
          • Badaga: ಆಮೆ (āme), ஆமெ
          • Kannada: ಆಮೆ (āme), ಆವೆ (āve), ಏವೆ (ēve), ಏಮೆ (ēme)
          • Jennu Kurumba: [script needed] (ā̃we)
        • Kodava: ಆಮೆ (āme)
        • Tamil-Malayalam:
          • Aranadan: ആമെ
          • Kurichiya: ഞാമ (ñāma)
          • Malayalam: ആമ (āma)
          • Tamil: ஆமை (āmai), யாமை (yāmai)
      • Tulu: ಏಮೆ (ēme)
  • Southern II:
    • Gondi: యామోల్ (yāmōl)

• *tām-p < cām-p
  • Southern:
    • Southern I:
      • Kannada: ತಾಬೇಲು (tābēlu), ತಾಂಬೇಲು (tāmbēlu), ಆಲ್ವೆ (ālve)
    • Southern II:
      • Konda-Dora: తాంబెల్ (tāmbel)
      • Kuvi: ତାମ୍ବେଲି (tambeli)
      • Telugu: తాబేలు (tābēlu), తామేలు (tāmēlu)

• *cām-
  • Southern:
    • Southern I:
      • Kota (India): ஏம் (ēm), ஏம்ப் (ēmp)
    • Southern II:
      • Gondi: హేముల్ (hēmul), ఏముల్ (ēmul), సమెల్ (samel), హముల్ (hamul), హెమూల్ (hemūl), ఎమిలె (emile)
      • Pengo-Kui:
        • Pengo: ହାମଣ୍ (hamoṇ)
        • Kui (India): ସେମ୍ବି (sembi)
        • Kuvi: ହେମ୍ବି (hembi)

References

• Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju (2003) The Dravidian Languages (Cambridge Language Surveys), Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 531.
• Burrow, T., Emeneau, M. B. (1984) “5155”, in A Dravidian etymological dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN.
• Subrahmanyam, P.S. (2011) A Supplement to Dravidian etymological dictionary, Chennai : Central Institute of Classical Tamil, page 157.