Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/viňaga

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

*vīňàga

Etymology

Unclear. Usually interpreted as *vīnò (“vine”) +‎ *àga (“berry”), for similar compunds compare Lithuanian vỹnuogė, Proto-Germanic *wīnabasją. However, prothetic -j- suggests late, maybe even post-Proto-Slavic etymology. On the other hand, *àga has been displaced by *àgoda and is unattested, which makes late creation problematic.

Alternatively from *vīnò +‎ *-jaga or back-formation of *vīňàgoda.

Accentological notes

According to the Bulakhovsky’s rule, “before what was a word-medial pre-tonal acute long vowel, Proto-Slavic long vowels were shortened.”, it is necessary to reconstruct the form as *viňàga. However, apparently, this rule of classical accentology is not used by Rick Derksen, cf. *sǭdìti. A long vowel is restored by deduction from *vīnò.

Noun

*viňàga or *vīňàga f

1. (South Slavic) grape

Inflection

Declension of *vīňàga (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*vīňàga	*vīňàdzě	*vīňàgy
genitive	*vīňàgy	*vīňàgu	*vīňàgъ
dative	*vīňàdzě	*vīňàgama	*vīňàgamъ
accusative	*vīňàgǫ	*vīňàdzě	*vīňàgy
instrumental	*vīňàgojǫ, *vīňàgǭ**	*vīňàgama	*vīňàgamī
locative	*vīňàdzě	*vīňàgu	*vīňàgasъ, *vīňàgaxъ*
vocative	*vīňàgo	*vīňàdzě	*vīňàgy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • >? Russian: виня́га (vinjága, “willow”) (dialectal)
• South Slavic:
  • Church Slavonic: винꙗга (vinjaga) (Serbian recension)
  • Bulgarian: виня́га (vinjága)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Latin script: vìnjaga

    Cyrillic script: вѝњага

  • Slovene: vinjágа (tonal orthography)

Further reading

• Derksen, Rick (2008) “àgoda”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 27
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*agoda”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 57
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2012), “ягода”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 6 (У – Я), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ягода”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 644
• Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic‎^[2], Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN
• Berezovich, Elena L., et al. (2002) Словарь говоров Русского Севера [Dictionary of dialects of the Russian North] (in Russian), volume 2, Ekaterinburg: Publishing House of the Ural State University, →ISBN, page 113: “виня́га ― vinjága”
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “jágoda”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “ohranjeno morda v nar. sloven. vinjága, hrv. vìnjaga ‛divja trta’”