Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/strьmъ
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Proto-Slavic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Superceded the earlier i-stem *strьmь + *-ъ (still attested as an indeclinable form in OCS). Attested with o-vocalism in Polish stromy and Belarusian стро́мы (strómy).
Besides the adjective, Russian also has an abstract noun стрём (strjom, “fear, anxiety”), ultimately of the same origin.
Adjective
[edit]*strь̃mъ[1]
Declension
[edit]Indefinite declension of *strьmъ (hard)
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *strьmъ | *strьma | *strьmo |
genitive | *strьma | *strьmy | *strьma |
dative | *strьmu | *strьmě | *strьmu |
accusative | *strьmъ | *strьmǫ | *strьmo |
instrumental | *strьmomь | *strьmojǫ | *strьmomь |
locative | *strьmě | *strьmě | *strьmě |
vocative | *strьme | *strьmo | *strьmo |
dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *strьma | *strьmě | *strьmě |
genitive | *strьmu | *strьmu | *strьmu |
dative | *strьmoma | *strьmama | *strьmoma |
accusative | *strьma | *strьmě | *strьmě |
instrumental | *strьmoma | *strьmama | *strьmoma |
locative | *strьmu | *strьmu | *strьmu |
vocative | *strьma | *strьmě | *strьmě |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *strьmi | *strьmy | *strьma |
genitive | *strьmъ | *strьmъ | *strьmъ |
dative | *strьmomъ | *strьmamъ | *strьmomъ |
accusative | *strьmy | *strьmy | *strьma |
instrumental | *strьmy | *strьmami | *strьmy |
locative | *strьměxъ | *strьmaxъ | *strьměxъ |
vocative | *strьmi | *strьmy | *strьma |
Definite declension of *strьmъ (hard)
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *strьmъjь | *strьmaja | *strьmoje |
genitive | *strьmajego | *strьmyję̇ | *strьmajego |
dative | *strьmujemu | *strьměji | *strьmujemu |
accusative | *strьmъjь | *strьmǫjǫ | *strьmoje |
instrumental | *strьmyjimь | *strьmǫjǫ | *strьmyjimь |
locative | *strьmějemь | *strьměji | *strьmějemь |
vocative | *strьmъjь | *strьmaja | *strьmoje |
dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *strьmaja | *strьměji | *strьměji |
genitive | *strьmuju | *strьmuju | *strьmuju |
dative | *strьmyjima | *strьmyjima | *strьmyjima |
accusative | *strьmaja | *strьměji | *strьměji |
instrumental | *strьmyjima | *strьmyjima | *strьmyjima |
locative | *strьmuju | *strьmuju | *strьmuju |
vocative | *strьmaja | *strьměji | *strьměji |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *strьmiji | *strьmyję̇ | *strьmaja |
genitive | *strьmъjixъ | *strьmъjixъ | *strьmъjixъ |
dative | *strьmyjimъ | *strьmyjimъ | *strьmyjimъ |
accusative | *strьmyję̇ | *strьmyję̇ | *strьmaja |
instrumental | *strьmyjimi | *strьmyjimi | *strьmyjimi |
locative | *strьmyjixъ | *strьmyjixъ | *strьmyjixъ |
vocative | *strьmiji | *strьmyję̇ | *strьmaja |
Derived terms
[edit]- *strьmati (“to shock, to scare”)
- *strьmogolvъ (“headlong”)
Descendants
[edit]- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: стрьмъ (strĭmŭ)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Slovene: str̄m (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
References
[edit]- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “strm”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *strьmъ̏”
Further reading
[edit]- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “стремгла́в”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress