Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sъ(n)

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From either Proto-Indo-European *sm̥- (“one, same”) in which case inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *san and cognate with Latvian sa-, Lithuanian su, or from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom (“with”).

Etymologically identical to the nominal prefix Proto-Slavic *sǫ-. The difference in development is because of the looser juncture between early Proto-Slavic verbs and preverbs: thus, preverbal *sun was subject to Slavic Auslautgesetze. A similar situation is found in modern German. Not to be confused with Proto-Slavic *sъ- (“good”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-.

Preposition

*sъ(n)

1. (with instrumental) with, accompanying, alongside
2. (with instrumental) with, by means of, using

Usage notes

Because of the law of open syllables, the final -n was normally dropped. But when combined with a stem that originally began with /j/, it was attached to the following word. Cf. Russian ею (jeju), but с (s) нею (neju) (*sъn jejǫ > /snˈeju/) etc.

Antonyms

• *bez

See also

• *sъ-
• *jьz
• *kъ(n)

Related terms

• *sǫ-

Derived terms

• *sъ(n)-

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: з (z), са (sa)
  • Russian: с (s), со (so)
  • Carpathian Rusyn: з (z), из (yz)
  • Ukrainian: з (z), із (iz), зі (zi); зо (zo) (dialectal, pronunciational version of "зі" after a pause)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: съ (sŭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏ (sŭ)

  • Bulgarian: с (s), със (sǎs)
  • Macedonian: со (so)
  • Serbo-Croatian::

    Cyrillic script: с, са

    Latin script: s, sa

  • Slovene: s, z (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: s
    • Czech: s
  • Old Polish: z, s, se, ze
    • Polish: z
    • Silesian: z
  • Pannonian Rusyn: з (z), зо (zo), зоз (zoz)
  • Slovak: s, so
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: z, ze, zez
    • Slovincian: sê
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: z
    • Lower Sorbian: z