Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/podъkova

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *podъ- +‎ *kovati (“to forge”) (compare *podъ (“beneath, below”)).

Noun

*podъkova f

1. horseshoe

Inflection

Declension of *podъkova (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*podъkova	*podъkově	*podъkovy
genitive	*podъkovy	*podъkovu	*podъkovъ
dative	*podъkově	*podъkovama	*podъkovamъ
accusative	*podъkovǫ	*podъkově	*podъkovy
instrumental	*podъkovojǫ, *podъkovǫ**	*podъkovama	*podъkovami
locative	*podъkově	*podъkovu	*podъkovasъ, *podъkovaxъ*
vocative	*podъkovo	*podъkově	*podъkovy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: падко́ва (padkóva)
  • Russian: подко́ва (podkóva)
  • Ukrainian: підко́ва (pidkóva)
  • Carpathian Rusyn: підкова (pidkova)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: подко́ва (podkóva)
  • ⇒ Macedonian: потковица (potkovica)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: по̀ткова

    Latin script: pòtkova

  • Slovene: pódkəv (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: podkova
  • Kashubian: pòdkòwa
  • Polish: podkowa
  • Slovak: podkova
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: podkowa
    • Upper Sorbian: podkowa

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Albanian: potkua
  • → Romanian: potcoavă

Further reading

• Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “подкова”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 450