Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/perpona

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *per- (“across”) +‎ *pęti (“to stretch”).

Noun

*perpona f

1. obstacle, hindrance, hurdle, impediment

Declension

Declension of *perpona (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*perpona	*perponě	*perpony
genitive	*perpony	*perponu	*perponъ
dative	*perponě	*perponama	*perponamъ
accusative	*perponǫ	*perponě	*perpony
instrumental	*perponojǫ, *perponǫ**	*perponama	*perponami
locative	*perponě	*perponu	*perponasъ, *perponaxъ*
vocative	*perpono	*perponě	*perpony

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: перапо́на (pjerapóna)
  • ⇒ Russian: перепо́нка (perepónka)
  • Ukrainian: перепо́на (perepóna)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: прѣпона (prěpona)
    • Macedonian: препона (prepona)
    • → Russian: препо́на (prepóna)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: пре̏пона

    Latin script: prȅpona

  • Slovene: prepọ̑na (“diaphragm”) (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: přiepona (“diaphragm”)
    • Czech: přepona (“hypotenuse”)
  • Polish: przepona (“diaphragm”)
  • Slovak: prepona (“hypotenuse”)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “перепонка”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress