Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pečenь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ- (“to bake”). Synchronically, either:

• Derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pekō(n) ~ *pekene (n-stem). Cognate with Lithuanian kẽpenys (“liver”).
• Substantivized from the past passive participle *pečenъ (“baken”) +‎ *-ь.

Further akin to Ancient Greek πέπων (pépōn, “riped”), Latin pepō (“watermelon”) (Greek borrowing).

Noun

*pečenь f

1. roast
2. liver

Declension

Declension of *pečenь (i-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*pečenь	*pečeni	*pečeni
genitive	*pečeni	*pečenьju, *pečeňu*	*pečenьjь, *pečeni*
dative	*pečeni	*pečenьma	*pečenьmъ
accusative	*pečenь	*pečeni	*pečeni
instrumental	*pečenьjǫ, *pečeňǫ*	*pečenьma	*pečenьmi
locative	*pečeni	*pečenьju, *pečeňu*	*pečenьxъ
vocative	*pečeni	*pečeni	*pečeni

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

• *pečenьka (diminutive)

Related terms

• *pečina (“roast”)
• *pečivo (“baked good”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: печень (pečenĭ)
    • Belarusian: пе́чань (pjéčanʹ)
    • Russian: пе́чень (péčenʹ)
    • Ukrainian: пече́ня (pečénja, ja-stem)
• South Slavic:
  • Slovene: pečȅn (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: pečeně (ja-stem)
    • Czech: pečeně
  • Old Polish: pieczeń
    • Polish: pieczeń
  • Slovak: pečeň

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “печень”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress