Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/palъka

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *palъ (“thick stick, pillar”) +‎ *-ъka.

Noun

*palъka f

1. cane, stick

Alternative forms

• *palica

Inflection

Declension of *palъka (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*palъka	*palъcě	*palъky
genitive	*palъky	*palъku	*palъkъ
dative	*palъcě	*palъkama	*palъkamъ
accusative	*palъkǫ	*palъcě	*palъky
instrumental	*palъkojǫ, *palъkǫ**	*palъkama	*palъkami
locative	*palъcě	*palъku	*palъkasъ, *palъkaxъ*
vocative	*palъko	*palъcě	*palъky

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: па́лъка (pálŭka)
    • Old Ruthenian: па́лка (pálka)
      • Belarusian: па́лка (pálka); па́ўка (páŭka) (dialectal)
      • Ukrainian: па́лка (pálka); па́лька (pálʹka) (dialectal)
    • Middle Russian: па́лка (pálka)
      • Russian: па́лка (pálka); па́вка (pávka) (dialectal)
• South Slavic:
  • Church Slavonic: палъка (palŭka)
  • Bulgarian: па́лка (pálka); па́лька (pálʹka) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: палка (palka)
  • Old Serbo-Croatian: palka (15ᵗʰ c.)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: pálka; páłka, pálkè, páu̯ka (dialectal)
  • Kashubian: pôłka
  • Old Polish: pałka (15ᵗʰ c.)
    • Polish: pałka; pau̯ka, påu̯ka (dialectal)
  • Old Slovak: pálka
    • Slovak: pálka

Further reading

• Varbot, Zh. Zh., editor (2018), “*palъka II / *palъkъ II / *palъky”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 41 (*pala – *pažьnъ(јь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 57
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “па́лка”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1993), “па́лка”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 8 (не́марач – пая́ць), Minsk: Navuka i technika, →ISBN