Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/o(b)pasьnъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *o(b)pasъ (“alert, heed”) +‎ *-ьnъ, from *o(b)pasti (“to attend, to overwatch”), from *o(b)- + *pasti (“to pasture; to herd”).

Adjective

*o(b)pasьnъ

1. circumspect, vigilant, wary, attentive

   Synonyms: *motrъ, *bъditeľьnъ, *ostoržьnъ

2. (abstract) dangerous, threatening (requiring attention, alertness)

   Synonym: *nevarьnъ

Declension

Indefinite declension of *o(b)pasьnъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*o(b)pasьnъ	*o(b)pasьna	*o(b)pasьno
genitive	*o(b)pasьna	*o(b)pasьny	*o(b)pasьna
dative	*o(b)pasьnu	*o(b)pasьně	*o(b)pasьnu
accusative	*o(b)pasьnъ	*o(b)pasьnǫ	*o(b)pasьno
instrumental	*o(b)pasьnomь	*o(b)pasьnojǫ	*o(b)pasьnomь
locative	*o(b)pasьně	*o(b)pasьně	*o(b)pasьně
vocative	*o(b)pasьne	*o(b)pasьno	*o(b)pasьno
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*o(b)pasьna	*o(b)pasьně	*o(b)pasьně
genitive	*o(b)pasьnu	*o(b)pasьnu	*o(b)pasьnu
dative	*o(b)pasьnoma	*o(b)pasьnama	*o(b)pasьnoma
accusative	*o(b)pasьna	*o(b)pasьně	*o(b)pasьně
instrumental	*o(b)pasьnoma	*o(b)pasьnama	*o(b)pasьnoma
locative	*o(b)pasьnu	*o(b)pasьnu	*o(b)pasьnu
vocative	*o(b)pasьna	*o(b)pasьně	*o(b)pasьně
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*o(b)pasьni	*o(b)pasьny	*o(b)pasьna
genitive	*o(b)pasьnъ	*o(b)pasьnъ	*o(b)pasьnъ
dative	*o(b)pasьnomъ	*o(b)pasьnamъ	*o(b)pasьnomъ
accusative	*o(b)pasьny	*o(b)pasьny	*o(b)pasьna
instrumental	*o(b)pasьny	*o(b)pasьnami	*o(b)pasьny
locative	*o(b)pasьněxъ	*o(b)pasьnaxъ	*o(b)pasьněxъ
vocative	*o(b)pasьni	*o(b)pasьny	*o(b)pasьna

Definite declension of *o(b)pasьnъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*o(b)pasьnъjь	*o(b)pasьnaja	*o(b)pasьnoje
genitive	*o(b)pasьnajego	*o(b)pasьnyję̇	*o(b)pasьnajego
dative	*o(b)pasьnujemu	*o(b)pasьněji	*o(b)pasьnujemu
accusative	*o(b)pasьnъjь	*o(b)pasьnǫjǫ	*o(b)pasьnoje
instrumental	*o(b)pasьnyjimь	*o(b)pasьnǫjǫ	*o(b)pasьnyjimь
locative	*o(b)pasьnějemь	*o(b)pasьněji	*o(b)pasьnějemь
vocative	*o(b)pasьnъjь	*o(b)pasьnaja	*o(b)pasьnoje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*o(b)pasьnaja	*o(b)pasьněji	*o(b)pasьněji
genitive	*o(b)pasьnuju	*o(b)pasьnuju	*o(b)pasьnuju
dative	*o(b)pasьnyjima	*o(b)pasьnyjima	*o(b)pasьnyjima
accusative	*o(b)pasьnaja	*o(b)pasьněji	*o(b)pasьněji
instrumental	*o(b)pasьnyjima	*o(b)pasьnyjima	*o(b)pasьnyjima
locative	*o(b)pasьnuju	*o(b)pasьnuju	*o(b)pasьnuju
vocative	*o(b)pasьnaja	*o(b)pasьněji	*o(b)pasьněji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*o(b)pasьniji	*o(b)pasьnyję̇	*o(b)pasьnaja
genitive	*o(b)pasьnъjixъ	*o(b)pasьnъjixъ	*o(b)pasьnъjixъ
dative	*o(b)pasьnyjimъ	*o(b)pasьnyjimъ	*o(b)pasьnyjimъ
accusative	*o(b)pasьnyję̇	*o(b)pasьnyję̇	*o(b)pasьnaja
instrumental	*o(b)pasьnyjimi	*o(b)pasьnyjimi	*o(b)pasьnyjimi
locative	*o(b)pasьnyjixъ	*o(b)pasьnyjixъ	*o(b)pasьnyjixъ
vocative	*o(b)pasьniji	*o(b)pasьnyję̇	*o(b)pasьnaja

Derived terms

• *bezo(b)pasьnъ (“safe, sacure”)
• *o(b)pasьnostь (“dangerous situation”)

Related terms

• *o(b)pasati (sę) (“to apprehend, to fear”)
  • *o(b)pasivъ, *o(b)pasьlivъ (“wary, cautious”)
  • *o(b)pasъka (“attention”)
• *sъpasъ (“guard, protector”)
  • *sъpasiti (“to save”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: опаснꙑи (opasnyi)
    • Middle Russian: опасный (opasnyj)
      • Russian: опа́сный (opásnyj); о́пасный (ópasnyj) (dialectal)
        • → Polish: opaśny (archaic)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: опасьнъ (opasĭnŭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⱁⱂⰰⱄⱐⱀⱏ (opasĭnŭ)

    • Bulgarian: опа́сен (opásen)
  • Macedonian: опасен (opasen)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: о̏па̄сан

    Latin script: ȍpāsan

  • Slovene: opásən (tonal orthography) (dialectal)

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (2001), “*obpasьnъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 28 (*oblězti – *obpovědanьje), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 166
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “опа́сный”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “опас²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 896