Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/motyka

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *mot-. Cognate with Latin mateola (“hoe”), Proto-West Germanic *mattjuk (“mattock, plowshare”), Sanskrit मत्य (matyà, “agricultural device, harrow?”).

Noun

*motỳka f

1. hoe

Inflection

Declension of *motỳka (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*motỳka	*motycě	*motyky
genitive	*motyky	*motyku	*motykъ
dative	*motycě	*motykama	*motykamъ
accusative	*motykǫ	*motycě	*motyky
instrumental	*motykojǫ, *motykǫ**	*motykama	*motykami
locative	*motycě	*motyku	*motykasъ, *motykaxъ*
vocative	*motỳko	*motycě	*motyky

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: матыка (matyka)
  • Russian: моты́га (motýga), моты́ка (motýka) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
    • → Kildin Sami: мотыга (motyga)
  • Ukrainian: мотика (motyka)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: мотꙑкꙑ (motyky)

    Glagolitic script: ⰿⱁⱅⱏⰹⰽⱏⰹ (motyky)

  • Bulgarian: мотика (motika)
  • Macedonian: мотика (motika)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: мотика

    Latin script: motika

  • Slovene: motika
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: motyka
    • Czech: motyka
      • Moravian (Mistřice): motika
  • Polish: motyka
  • Slovak: motyka

References

• Derksen, Rick (2008) “*motỳka”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 327