Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopanica

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *kopanь (“digging”) +‎ *-ica.

Noun

*kopanica f

1. engraving

   Synonym: *rězьba

2. ditch

Declension

Declension of *kopanica (soft a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kopanica	*kopanici	*kopanicę̇
genitive	*kopanicę̇	*kopanicu	*kopanicь
dative	*kopanici	*kopanicama	*kopanicamъ
accusative	*kopanicǫ	*kopanici	*kopanicę̇
instrumental	*kopanicejǫ, *kopanicǫ**	*kopanicama	*kopanicami
locative	*kopanici	*kopanicu	*kopanicasъ, *kopanicaxъ*
vocative	*kopanice	*kopanici	*kopanicę̇

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: капані́ца (kapaníca)
  • Russian: копани́ца (kopaníca) (dialectal)
  • Ukrainian: копани́ця (kopanýcja)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: ко́паница (kópanica, “type of dance resembling digging”)
  • Macedonian: копаница (kopanica)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ко̀паница

    Latin script: kòpanica

• West Slavic:
  • Czech: kopanica (“heap”) (dialectal)
  • Slovak: Kopaňice (plural, in toponyms)

• Non-Slavic:
  • → German: Köpenick (suburb of Berlin)

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kopanica”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 14