Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/karasь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

*karasь (Carassius carassius)

Etymology

Akin to Lithuanian karõsas, Old High German karaz (whence Modern German Karausche, dialectal Lithuanian karúšis and Norwegian Nynorsk karuss), of unclear further origin. Kluge & Mitzka presume Balto-Slavic origin for the German descendant; reversely, Preobražensky considers the Balto-Slavic lemmas as Germanic borrowings; while Sławski and Holub & Kopečný suppose a shared substrate origin.

Compared in the past with Ancient Greek κορᾰκῖνος (korakînos, “fresh-water fish found in the Nile”), κορακώδης (korakṓdēs, “crucian”) (literally: raven-like).

Noun

*karasь m

1. crucian carp (Carassius carassius); any fish of the genus Carassius

Declension

Declension of *karasь (i-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*karasь	*karasi	*karasьje, *karaše*
genitive	*karasi	*karasьju, *karašu*	*karasьjь, *karasi*
dative	*karasi	*karasьma	*karasьmъ
accusative	*karasь	*karasi	*karasi
instrumental	*karasьmь	*karasьma	*karasьmi
locative	*karasi	*karasьju, *karašu*	*karasьxъ
vocative	*karasi	*karasi	*karasьje, *karaše*

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

• *koraťь (possibly)
  • *koraťьnъ (“vicious, accusative, detrimental”)

See also

• *korpъ (“carp”)
• *plotь, *plotica, *ploty (“roach”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: карась (karasĭ), корась (korasĭ), карасъ (karasŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: кара́сь (karásʹ), кара́съ (karás)
      • Belarusian: кара́сь (karásʹ) (dialectal)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: кара́с (karás)
      • Ukrainian: кара́сь (karásʹ); ка́рас (káras) (dialectal, obsolete)
    • Russian: кара́сь (karásʹ); кара́с (karás) (dialectal)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: кара́ш (karáš), кара́с (karás) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: караш (karaš)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ка̀ра̄с, ка̀ра̄ш; Ка̏ра̄с (surname); Ка̀раси pl (toponym)

    Latin script: kàrās, kàrāš; Kȁrās (surname); Kàrasi pl (toponym)

  • Slovene: karās
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: karas
  • Kashubian: karus
  • Polish: karaś
    • ⇒ Polish: karasek, karωsek (dialectal)
  • Slovak: karas
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: karas
    • Upper Sorbian: karas, kharas

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Romanian: caras
  • → Hungarian: kárász

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*karasь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 152
• Kolomijec, V. T. (1983) Происхождение общеславянских названий рыб [The Origin of the Common Slavic Names of Fish] (К IX Международному съезду славистов) (in Russian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, pages 127-130
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кара́сь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “кара́сь”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 177
• Martynaŭ, V. U., Tsykhun, G. A., editors (1978–2017), “кара́сь”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “караш”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 242
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “koréselj”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
• “karosas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012