Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kalina

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Likely *kalъ (“mud, dirt”) +‎ *-ina, by the plant’s preference for wet, muddy places to grow.

Noun

*kalina f

1. snowball tree (Viburnum spp., especially Viburnum opulus)

Declension

Declension of *kalina (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kalina	*kalině	*kaliny
genitive	*kaliny	*kalinu	*kalinъ
dative	*kalině	*kalinama	*kalinamъ
accusative	*kalinǫ	*kalině	*kaliny
instrumental	*kalinojǫ, *kalinǫ**	*kalinama	*kalinami
locative	*kalině	*kalinu	*kalinasъ, *kalinaxъ*
vocative	*kalino	*kalině	*kaliny

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: калина (kalina)
    • Old Ruthenian: кали́на (kalína)
      • Belarusian: калі́на (kalína)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: кали́на (kalýna)
      • Ukrainian: кали́на (kalýna)
    • Russian: кали́на (kalína)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: кали́на (kalína), къли́на (kǎlína) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: калина (kalina)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ка̀лина

    Latin script: kàlina

  • Slovene: kalína
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: kalina
  • Kashubian: kalëna
  • Polish: kalina
  • Slovak: kalina
  • Slovincian: kalëna
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: kalina
    • Upper Sorbian: kalena

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Romanian: călină

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kalina”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 120
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кали́на”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress