Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kadь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Probably borrowed from Ancient Greek κάδιον (kádion), a diminutive form of Ancient Greek κάδος (kádos, “bucket, jar”), of Semitic origin. Also borrowed in Latin cadus (“bottle, jar”), whence English cade.

Maček, Miklošič, and Trubachev do not exclude a native origin due to the slight semantic difference from the Greek term and also because of (sparse) evidence for alternative ū-stem forms such as dialectal Russian ка́довь (kádovʹ, “cask”) (generalized from gen. of Proto-Slavic *kady). Possible origin (per Machek) from Proto-Indo-European *kādʰ- (“convex shape”), with hypothetical cognate Ancient Greek κηθίς (kēthís, “urn”).

Noun

*kȃdь f

1. cask, vat

   Synonym: *bъči

Alternative forms

• *kady (ū-stem)
• *kada, *kaďa (a/ja-stem)

Inflection

Declension of *kadь (i-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kadь	*kadi	*kadi
genitive	*kadi	*kadьju, *kaďu*	*kadьjь, *kadi*
dative	*kadi	*kadьma	*kadьmъ
accusative	*kadь	*kadi	*kadi
instrumental	*kadьjǫ, *kaďǫ*	*kadьma	*kadьmi
locative	*kadi	*kadьju, *kaďu*	*kadьxъ
vocative	*kadi	*kadi	*kadi

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

• *kadьca, *kadъka (diminutive)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: кадзь (kadzʹ), ка́дка (kádka)
  • Russian: кадь (kadʹ) (dialectal), ка́дка (kádka, “tub”)
  • Ukrainian: кадь (kadʹ, “measure of volume”) (historical)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: кадь (kadĭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⰽⰰⰴⱐ (kadĭ)

  • Bulgarian: кад (kad) (dialectal), ка́ца (káca)
  • Macedonian: каца (kaca)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ка́да

    Latin script: káda

  • Slovene: kȁd (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: kád, kádcě
    • Czech: káď
  • Old Polish: kadź
    • Polish: kadź
  • Slovak: kaďa
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: kadź
    • Lower Sorbian: kaź

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Hungarian: kád
  • → Romanian: cadă (possibly, alternatively from Latin cadus)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кадь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kadь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 112
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “кад²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 128