Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gorďa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gárdjāˀ. Perhaps with borrowing in Proto-Mordvinic *kardə; Erzya кардо (kardo, “stable”), Moksha карда (karda, “stable”)?

Apparently, this form confirms the barytone accent paradigm in the form *gárdas (“enclosure”), which was reconstructed on the basis of a small material.

Noun

*gõrďa f

1. fence

Inflection

Declension of *gõrďa (soft a-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gõrďa	*gõrďi	*gõrďę̇
genitive	*gõrďę̇	*gõrďu	*gõrďь
dative	*gõrďi	*gõrďama	*gõrďamъ
accusative	*gõrďǫ	*gõrďi	*gõrďę̇
instrumental	*gõrďejǫ, *gõrďǫ**	*gõrďama	*gõrďamī
locative	*gõrďi	*gõrďu	*gõrďasъ, *gõrďaxъ*
vocative	*gorďe	*gõrďi	*gõrďę̇

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Alternative forms

• *gõrďь

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: горо́жа (goróža)
    • Belarusian: гаро́жа (haróža)

      (Drahichyn): горо́джа (horódža)

    • Russian: горо́жа (goróža)
    • Ukrainian: горо́жа (horóža)
• South Slavic:
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: гра̑ђа

    Latin script: grȃđa

    (Chakavian): grãja

  • Slovene: grāja (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: hrázě
    • Czech: hráz
  • Polish: grodza
  • Slovak: hrádza

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “горо́жа”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress