Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/(j)apa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

*(j)apъ m

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ōp-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁op-.

Noun

*(j)apa f^[1]^[2]

expectation, assumption, suspicion, opinion

Declension

Declension of *(j)apa (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(j)apa	*(j)apě	*(j)apy
genitive	*(j)apy	*(j)apu	*(j)apъ
dative	*(j)apě	*(j)apama	*(j)apamъ
accusative	*(j)apǫ	*(j)apě	*(j)apy
instrumental	(j)apojǫ, (j)apǫ^**	*(j)apama	*(j)apami
locative	*(j)apě	*(j)apu	(j)apasъ, (j)apaxъ^*
vocative	*(j)apo	*(j)apě	*(j)apy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁op- (0 c, 2 e)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: апа (apa)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  - Church Slavonic: апа (apa) (Russian recension)

References

^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*apa?”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 71
^ Shaposhnikov, A. K. (2010) “внезапный”, in Этимологический словарь современного русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Contemporary Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 1: (А – Начальство), Moscow: Flinta; Nauka, →ISBN, page 126: “*(й)апа, *(й)апъ ― *(j)apa, *(j)ap”

Vasmer, Max (1964) “внеза́пно”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – Д), Moscow: Progress, page 328
Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “*apati : *apěti”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 157
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*apati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 71
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*apьnъjь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 72
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*jьz neapa / *jьz neapy”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 9
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1997), “*nejapьnъjь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 24 (*navijati (sę)/*navivati (sę) – *nerodimъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 134
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*neza(j)apъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 25 (*neroditi – *novotьnъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 89
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*nezajapьnъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 25 (*neroditi – *novotьnъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 89

[1] Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*apa?”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 71

[2] Shaposhnikov, A. K. (2010) “внезапный”, in Этимологический словарь современного русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Contemporary Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 1: (А – Начальство), Moscow: Flinta; Nauka, →ISBN, page 126: “*(й)апа, *(й)апъ ― *(j)apa, *(j)ap”

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