Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/česnъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

• *česno

Etymology

• Probably substantivized adjective, from **česti +‎ *-nъ. For the meaning compare Middle High German klieben (“to cleave”) : Old High German chlobolouch (“garlic”) (> German Knoblauch).
• Author?: from Proto-Indo-European *kesn-o-, likely from a non-Indo-European (substrate) source. Cognate with Irish cainneann (“leek”), Welsh cennin (“leek”).

Noun

*česnъ m, *česno n

1. (dialectal) garlic

   Synonym: *česnъkъ

Inflection

Declension of *česnъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*česnъ	*česna	*česni
genitive	*česna	*česnu	*česnъ
dative	*česnu	*česnoma	*česnomъ
accusative	*česnъ	*česna	*česny
instrumental	*česnъmь, *česnomь*	*česnoma	*česny
locative	*česně	*česnu	*česněxъ
vocative	*česne	*česna	*česni

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Declension of *česno (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*česno	*česně	*česna
genitive	*česna	*česnu	*česnъ
dative	*česnu	*česnoma	*česnomъ
accusative	*česno	*česně	*česna
instrumental	*česnъmь, *česnomь*	*česnoma	*česny
locative	*česně	*česnu	*česněxъ
vocative	*česno	*česně	*česna

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• Nouns:
  • *česnikъ
  • *česnъkъ
• Adjectives:
  • *česnovъ
  • *česnovatъ
  • *česnovitъ

Descendants

• East Slavic: —
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: че́сън m (čésǎn)
  • Macedonian: чесен m (česen)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: чѐсно n, че̏но n, чѐсан m, чѐшањ m

    Latin script: čȅsen, česãn m

  • Slovene: čésen, česenj
• West Slavic:
  • Slovak: česeň m

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “чесно́к”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “чеснок”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 385
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*česnъ/*česno”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 89