Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/paʔr-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*paʔr- m

mouse

Inflection

Declension of *paʔr-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*paʔrum

*paʔrāna

plural stem + *-ūna

Genitive

*paʔrim

*paʔrayna

plural stem + *-īna

Accusative

*paʔram

possessive forms

1st person

*paʔrī / *paʔrVya

—

*paʔrVni

2nd person m

*paʔrVka

*paʔrVkumā / *paʔrVkumay

*paʔrVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*paʔrVki

*paʔrVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*paʔrVšu

*paʔrVšumā / *paʔrVšumay

*paʔrVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*paʔrVša

*paʔrVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *paʔruya for nom. case, *paʔriya for gen. case, *paʔraya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *paʔr-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*paʔruka	*paʔrāka	plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive	*paʔrika	*paʔrayka	plural stem + *-īka
Accusative	*paʔraka	*paʔrayka	plural stem + *-īka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *paʔr-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*paʔruki	*paʔrāki	plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive	*paʔriki	*paʔrayki	plural stem + *-īki
Accusative	*paʔraki	*paʔrayki	plural stem + *-īki

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒉾𒌉 (pērūrūtum, “mouse”)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: فَأْر (faʔr)
    - Gulf Arabic: فار (far)
    - Maltese: far
    - Moroccan Arabic: فار (fār)
    - South Levantine Arabic: فار (fār)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Amharic: ፍርፍር (fərfər, “a kind of field mouse”)
  - Harari: فُوءْر (fūr)
  - Inor: ፉኡር (fuʾur)
  - Sebat Bet Gurage: ፉር (fur)

References

Leslau, Wolf (1963) Etymological Dictionary of Harari, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, page 63
Nöldeke, Theodor (1904) Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎^[1] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 109