Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/naḫar-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Verb

*naḫar-

1. to snort
2. to gnaw, to perforate

Conjugation

Conjugation of Proto-Semitic/naḫar- (paʕala)

verbal noun					*naḫr-
active participle					*nāḫir-
passive participle					*naḫīr-, *naḫūr-
		singular				dual				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
perfect	m	*naḫarku	*naḫarka	*naḫara		*naḫarkayā	*naḫarkā	*naḫarā		*naḫarna	*naḫarkanu	*naḫarū
	f		*naḫarki	*naḫarat				*naḫaratā			*naḫarkina	*naḫarā
imperfect	m	*ʔanḫur	*tanḫur	*yinḫur		*tanḫurā	*yanḫurā	*ninḫur		*tanḫurū	*yinḫurū
	f		*tanḫurī	*tanḫur			*tanḫurā			*tanḫurā	*yinḫurā
imperative	m		*naḫur			*naḫurā				*naḫurū
	f		*naḫurī							*naḫurā

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒍝𒊏𒄷 (naḫārum, “to snore, to snort”)
• West Semitic
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: نَخَرَ (naḵara)
      • Maltese: naħar (“to snore”)
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic: נְחַר (nəḥar, “to snort, to sneeze; to perforate, to stab”)
        • Classical Syriac: ܢܚܰܪ (nəḥar, “to snort, to sneeze”)
      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: נָחַר (nakhár, nāḥar, “to snort”)
      • ⇒ Ugaritic: 𐎀𐎐𐎃𐎗 (ảnḫr, “dolphin”)
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Ge'ez: ንኅረ (nəḫrä, “to snort, to snore”)
  • Modern South Arabian:
    • Mehri: nəxār (“to snort”)
    • Shehri: nxr (“to snort”)
    • Soqotri: nḥr (“to groan”)

References

• “nḥr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Dillmann, August (1865) Lexicon linguae aethiopicae cum indice latino (in Latin), Leipzig: T. O. Weigel, column 663
• Leslau, Wolf (1938) Lexique Soqotri (sudarabique moderne) avec comparaisons et explications étymologiques (in French), Wiesbaden: Libraire C. Klincksieck, page 265
• Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 396