Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/naḫar-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Verb

*naḫar-

to snort
to gnaw, to perforate

Conjugation

Conjugation of Proto-Semitic/naḫar- (paʕala)

		singular				dual			plural
verbal noun					*naḫr-
active participle					*nāḫir-
passive participle					naḫīr-, naḫūr-
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
perfect	m	*naḫarku	*naḫarka	*naḫara		*naḫarkayā	*naḫarkā	*naḫarā	*naḫarna	*naḫarkanu	*naḫarū
perfect	f	*naḫarku	*naḫarki	*naḫarat		*naḫarkayā	*naḫarkā	*naḫaratā	*naḫarna	*naḫarkina	*naḫarā

imperfect	m	*ʔanḫur	*tanḫur	*yinḫur			*tanḫurā	*yanḫurā	*ninḫur	*tanḫurū	*yinḫurū
imperfect	f	*ʔanḫur	*tanḫurī	*tanḫur			*tanḫurā	*tanḫurā	*ninḫur	*tanḫurā	*yinḫurā

imperative	m		*naḫur				*naḫurā			*naḫurū
imperative	f		*naḫurī				*naḫurā			*naḫurā

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒍝𒊏𒄷 (naḫārum, “to snore, to snort”)
West Semitic
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: نَخَرَ (naḵara)
    - Maltese: naħar (“to snore”)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic: נְחַר (nəḥar, “to snort, to sneeze; to perforate, to stab”)
      - Classical Syriac: ܢܚܰܪ (nəḥar, “to snort, to sneeze”)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: נָחַר (nakhár, nāḥar, “to snort”)
    - ⇒ Ugaritic: 𐎀𐎐𐎃𐎗 (ảnḫr, “dolphin”)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Ge'ez: ንኅረ (nəḫrä, “to snort, to snore”)
- Modern South Arabian:
  - Mehri: nəxār (“to snort”)
  - Shehri: nxr (“to snort”)
  - Soqotri: nḥr (“to groan”)

References

“nḥr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Dillmann, August (1865) Lexicon linguae aethiopicae cum indice latino (in Latin), Leipzig: T. O. Weigel, column 663
Leslau, Wolf (1938) Lexique Soqotri (sudarabique moderne) avec comparaisons et explications étymologiques (in French), Wiesbaden: Libraire C. Klincksieck, page 265
Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 396