Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/mut-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

From Proto-Afroasiatic. Cognate with Hausa mùtûm and possibly Central Atlas Tamazight ⵜⴰⵎⵟⵟⵓⵜⵜ (tamṭṭutt, “woman, wife”).

Noun

*mut- m

1. person, man

Declension

Declension of *mut-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*mutum	*mutāna	plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive	*mutim	*mutayna	plural stem + *-īna
Accusative	*mutam
possessive forms
1st person	*mutī / *mutVya	—	*mutVni
2nd person m	*mutVka	*mutVkumā / *mutVkumay	*mutVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*mutVki		*mutVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*mutVšu	*mutVšumā / *mutVšumay	*mutVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*mutVša		*mutVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *mutuya for nom. case, *mutiya for gen. case, *mutaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *mut- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *mutuka *mutāka plural stem + *-ūka Genitive *mutika *mutayka plural stem + *-īka Accusative *mutaka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *mut- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *mutuki *mutāki plural stem + *-ūki Genitive *mutiki *mutayki plural stem + *-īki Accusative *mutaki

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒁮 (mutum, “husband, man, warrior”)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: מְתִים (m'tím, məṯîm, “men”)
      • Ugaritic: 𐎎𐎚 (mt /⁠mutu⁠/, “husband, man, person”)
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Ge'ez: ምት (mət, “man”)

References

• Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN