Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/hadad-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*hadad- m

1. thunder

Inflection

Declension of *hadad-

case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*hadadum	*hadadāna	plural stem + *-ūna
accusative	*hadadam	*hadadayna	plural stem + *-īna
genitive	*hadadim
possessive forms
1st person	*hadadī / *hadadVya	—	*hadadVni
2nd person m	*hadadVka	*hadadVkumā / *hadadVkumay	*hadadVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*hadadVki		*hadadVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*hadadVšu	*hadadVšumā / *hadadVšumay	*hadadVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*hadadVša		*hadadVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *hadaduya for nom. case, *hadadiya for gen. case, *hadadaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒀜𒁺𒌝 (addum)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: هَادَّة (hādda)
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Ugaritic: 𐎅𐎄 (hd /⁠haddu⁠/)
  • South Semitic:
    • Ethiopian Semitic:
      • Tigrinya: ሃደደ (hadädä)
      • Tigre: ሃዱድ (hadud), ህዱድ (hədud)
    • Modern South Arabian:
      • Mehri: həd
      • Shehri: hid
      • Soqotri: šed

References

• Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Phonetics and Phonology”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 59
• Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 194