Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/hadad-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*hadad- m

thunder

Inflection

Declension of *hadad-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*hadadum

*hadadāna

plural stem + *-ūna

Genitive

*hadadim

*hadadayna

plural stem + *-īna

Accusative

*hadadam

possessive forms

1st person

*hadadī / *hadadVya

—

*hadadVni

2nd person m

*hadadVka

*hadadVkumā / *hadadVkumay

*hadadVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*hadadVki

*hadadVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*hadadVšu

*hadadVšumā / *hadadVšumay

*hadadVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*hadadVša

*hadadVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *hadaduya for nom. case, *hadadiya for gen. case, *hadadaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *hadad-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*hadaduka	*hadadāka	plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive	*hadadika	*hadadayka	plural stem + *-īka
Accusative	*hadadaka	*hadadayka	plural stem + *-īka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *hadad-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*hadaduki	*hadadāki	plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive	*hadadiki	*hadadayki	plural stem + *-īki
Accusative	*hadadaki	*hadadayki	plural stem + *-īki

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒀜𒁺𒌝 (addum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: هَادَّة (hādda)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Ugaritic: 𐎅𐎄 (hd /⁠haddu⁠/)
- South Semitic:
  - Ethiopian Semitic:
    - Tigrinya: ሃደደ (hadädä)
    - Tigre: ሃዱድ (hadud), ህዱድ (hədud)
  - Modern South Arabian:
    - Mehri: həd
    - Shehri: hid
    - Soqotri: šed

References

Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Phonetics and Phonology”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 59
Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 194