Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ṯin-
Appearance
Proto-Semitic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Compare with Central Atlas Tamazight ⵙⵉⵏ (sin) and Egyptian snwj; Hurrian šini (“two”) and Proto-Nakh *ši(n) (“two”).
Numeral
[edit]← 1 | 2 | 3 → |
---|---|---|
Cardinal: *ṯin- |
*ṯin-
Reconstruction notes
[edit]Various tentative forms are given below to account for the descendants, many of which seem to have incorporated a dual suffix. Huehnergard reconstructs the lemma as *ṯin(ā)- to reflect both the Akkadian and West Semitic roots. Testen reconstructs *ṯn-, with an initial consonant cluster, which accounts for the r forms in Aramaic and Modern South Arabian.
Inflection
[edit]Declension of *ṯin- | |||
---|---|---|---|
Case | m | f | |
Nominative | *ṯinum | *ṯinatum | |
Accusative | *ṯinam | *ṯinatam | |
Genitive | *ṯinim | *ṯinatim |
Descendants
[edit]- *ṯin-āni ~ *(i)ṯn-āni (absolute with dual suffix)[1]
- East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒈫 (šinā)
- West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
- Modern South Arabian:
- East Semitic:
- *ṯin-ā ~ *(i)ṯn-ā (construct with dual suffix)
- *ṯin-t-āni ~ *(i)ṯn-at-āni (absolute with feminine and dual suffix)
- East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒈫 (šittā)
- West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
- Arabic: ثِنْتَانِ (ṯintāni), اِثْنَتَانِ (iṯnatāni) (see there for further descendants)
- Northwest Semitic:
- Aramaic: תַּרְתֵּיִן (tartayin), Aramaic: תַּרְתֵּין (tartēn)
- Canaanite:
- Hebrew: שְׁתַּיִם (shtáyim, štáyim)
- Ugaritic: 𐎘𐎚 (ṯt /ṯittā/)
- Modern South Arabian:
- Central Semitic:
- East Semitic:
- *ṯin-t-ā ~ *(i)ṯn-at-ā (construct with feminine and dual suffix)
- *(i)ṯn̥-t-ā ~ *(i)ṯr̥-t-ā (construct with feminine and dual suffix and syncope)
- Hebrew: שְׁתֵּי (shté, štê) < *štā < *ṯtā < *ṯt-t-ā < *ṯn̥-t-ā
- Unsorted formations:
References
[edit]- Huehnergard, John (2019) “Proto-Semitic”, in Huehnergard, John and Na'ama Pat-El, editors, The Semitic Languages, 2nd edition, Routledge, →ISBN
- Testen, David (1985) "The Significance of Aramaic r < *n" Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 143-146.