Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ṯ̣ill-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ṯ̣ill- m

1. A shadow

Inflection

Declension of *ṯ̣ill-

case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ṯ̣illum	*ṯ̣illāna	plural stem + *-ūna
accusative	*ṯ̣illam	*ṯ̣illayna	plural stem + *-īna
genitive	*ṯ̣illim
possessive forms
1st person	*ṯ̣illī / *ṯ̣illVya	—	*ṯ̣illVni
2nd person m	*ṯ̣illVka	*ṯ̣illVkumā / *ṯ̣illVkumay	*ṯ̣illVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*ṯ̣illVki		*ṯ̣illVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*ṯ̣illVšu	*ṯ̣illVšumā / *ṯ̣illVšumay	*ṯ̣illVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*ṯ̣illVša		*ṯ̣illVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ṯ̣illuya for nom. case, *ṯ̣illiya for gen. case, *ṯ̣illaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒄑𒈪 (ṣillum)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: ظِلّ (ẓill)
      • Gulf Arabic: ظل (ḏ̣iḷ)
      • Hijazi Arabic: ظل (ḍill, ẓill)
      • Maltese: dell
    • Aramaic:

      Hebrew: טוּלָּא/טִלָּא (ṭullā/ṭillā), טִלָּלָא (ṭillālā)

      Syriac: ܛܶܠܴ݁ܠܳܐ (ṭellālā)

    • Canaanite:
      • Hebrew: צֵל (tsél, ṣēl)
    • Ugaritic: 𐎑𐎍𐎍 (ẓll /⁠ẓillu⁠/)
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Amharic: ጥላ (ṭəla, “shadow”)
    • Ge'ez: ጽላሎት (ṣəlalot)
    • Tigrinya: ጽላሎት (ṣəlalot)