Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ṭiḥāl-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ṭiḥāl- m

1. spleen, milt

Inflection

Declension of *ṭiḥāl-

case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ṭiḥālum	*ṭiḥālāna	plural stem + *-ūna
accusative	*ṭiḥālam	*ṭiḥālayna	plural stem + *-īna
genitive	*ṭiḥālim
possessive forms
1st person	*ṭiḥālī / *ṭiḥālVya	—	*ṭiḥālVni
2nd person m	*ṭiḥālVka	*ṭiḥālVkumā / *ṭiḥālVkumay	*ṭiḥālVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*ṭiḥālVki		*ṭiḥālVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*ṭiḥālVšu	*ṭiḥālVšumā / *ṭiḥālVšumay	*ṭiḥālVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*ṭiḥālVša		*ṭiḥālVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ṭiḥāluya for nom. case, *ṭiḥāliya for gen. case, *ṭiḥālaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

• ⇒ East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒌅𒇷𒈬 (ṭulimum, tulimum)
  • Eblaite: 𒋾𒄴𒈬 (ti-ʾá-mu / ti-aḫ-mu)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: طِحَال (ṭiḥāl)
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic:

        Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: טְחָלָא (ṭəḥālā)

        Classical Syriac: ܛܚܳܠܳܐ (ṭəḥālā, “spleen”).

      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: טְחוֹל (t'khól, təḥôl)
      • Ugaritic: 𐎉𐎈𐎍 (ṭḥl /⁠ṭiḥālu⁠/)
  • Ethiopian Semitic::
    • Argobba: ṭaha
    • Chaha: ṭar
    • Harari: ṭāḥa
    • Inor: ṭara
    • Kistane: ṭala
    • Mesqan: ṭala
    • Muher: ṭala
    • Sebat Bet Gurage: ṭāra
    • Silt'e: ṭār
    • Wolane: ṭalä
  • ⇒ Modern South Arabian:
    • Harsusi: ṭelḥáym
    • Mehri: ṭɛlḥáym
    • Shehri: ṭɛlḥím
    • Soqotri: ṭálḥəm, ṭálḥəm

References

• Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2000) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volumes I: Anatomy of Man and Animals, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 248–249