Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḏiʔb-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ḏiʔb- m (plural *ḏiʔāb-)

1. wolf

Inflection

Declension of *ḏiʔb-

case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ḏiʔbum	*ḏiʔbāna	*ḏiʔābūna
accusative	*ḏiʔbam	*ḏiʔbayna	*ḏiʔābīna
genitive	*ḏiʔbim
possessive forms
1st person	*ḏiʔbī / *ḏiʔbVya	—	*ḏiʔbVni
2nd person m	*ḏiʔbVka	*ḏiʔbVkumā / *ḏiʔbVkumay	*ḏiʔbVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*ḏiʔbVki		*ḏiʔbVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*ḏiʔbVšu	*ḏiʔbVšumā / *ḏiʔbVšumay	*ḏiʔbVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*ḏiʔbVša		*ḏiʔbVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ḏiʔbuya for nom. case, *ḏiʔbiya for gen. case, *ḏiʔbaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒉡𒌝𒈠 (zībum)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: ذِئْب (ḏiʔb)
      • Egyptian Arabic: ديب (dīb)
      • Gulf Arabic: ذِيب (ḏīb)
      • Hijazi Arabic: ذِيب (dīb, ḏīb)
      • Maltese: dib
      • Moroccan Arabic: ديب (dīb)
      • → Malay: zib / ذيب
      • → Catalan: dip
      • → Old Spanish: adive
        • Spanish: adive
          • → French: adive
          • → English: adive
      • → English: dieb
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic:
        • Imperial Aramaic: 𐡃𐡉𐡁𐡀 (dybʾ)
        • Classical Syriac: ܕ݁ܶܐܒܳܐ (deʾḇā)
        • Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: דֵּיבָא (dēḇā)
        • Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܕܝܒ
        • Classical Mandaic: ࡃࡉࡁࡀ (diba)
      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: זְאֵב (z'év, zǝʾēḇ)
    • Safaitic: 𐪙𐪑𐪈 (ḏʾb /⁠ḏeʾb⁠/)
• Ethiopian Semitic:
  • Amharic: ጅብ (ǧəb, “hyena”)
  • Ge'ez: ዝእብ (zəʾb, “hyena”) (got confused with ፅዕብ (ṣ́əʿb, “hyena”) from *ṣ́abuʿ- (“hyena”))
  • Tigrinya: ዝብኢ (zəbʾi, “hyena”)
    • → Tigre: ዝብኢ (zəbʾi)

References

• Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
• Fleischer, Heinrich Leberecht (1888) Kleinere Schriften‎^[1] (in German), volume III, Leipzig: S. Hirzel, pages 212–213
• Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 105–107 Nr. 72