Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʕaḳrab-

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Likely from Proto-Afroasiatic

Noun

*ʕaḳrab- m

1. scorpion

Inflection

Declension of *ʕaḳrab-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ʕaḳrabum	*ʕaḳrabāna	plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive	*ʕaḳrabim	*ʕaḳrabayna	plural stem + *-īna
Accusative	*ʕaḳrabam
possessive forms
1st person	*ʕaḳrabī / *ʕaḳrabVya	—	*ʕaḳrabVni
2nd person m	*ʕaḳrabVka	*ʕaḳrabVkumā / *ʕaḳrabVkumay	*ʕaḳrabVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*ʕaḳrabVki		*ʕaḳrabVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*ʕaḳrabVšu	*ʕaḳrabVšumā / *ʕaḳrabVšumay	*ʕaḳrabVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*ʕaḳrabVša		*ʕaḳrabVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʕaḳrabuya for nom. case, *ʕaḳrabiya for gen. case, *ʕaḳrabaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ʕaḳrab- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ʕaḳrabuka *ʕaḳrabāka plural stem + *-ūka Genitive *ʕaḳrabika *ʕaḳrabayka plural stem + *-īka Accusative *ʕaḳrabaka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ʕaḳrab- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ʕaḳrabuki *ʕaḳrabāki plural stem + *-ūki Genitive *ʕaḳrabiki *ʕaḳrabayki plural stem + *-īki Accusative *ʕaḳrabaki

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒀝𒊏𒁍 (aqrabum)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: عَقْرَب (ʕaqrab)
      • Maltese: għakreb
      • Moroccan Arabic: عقرب (ʕaqrab)
      • → Armenian: աղրաբ (aġrab)
      • → Azerbaijani: əqrəb / әгрәб
      • → Khalaj: aqrab
      • → Persian: عقرب ('aqrab)
      • → Old Galician-Portuguese: alacran
        • Portuguese: lacrau, lacraia, alacrau, alacrara
      • → Old Spanish: alacran
        • Spanish: alacrán
          • → Tagalog: alakdan
      • → Swahili: akrabu
      • → Ottoman Turkish: عقرب
        • Turkish: akrep
        • → Albanian: akrep
        • → Armenian: ախրէպ (axrēp)
        • → Laz: აკრეპი (aǩrep̌i), აქრები (akrebi) — Artasheni, ანკრეპი (anǩrep̌i)
      • → Uzbek: aqrab
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic: עקרבא (‘eqarbā)
        • Classical Syriac: ܥܩܪܒܐ (‘eqarbā)
      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: עקרב ('akráv, ʿaqrāḇ)
      • Ugaritic: 𐎓𐎖𐎗𐎁 (ʿqrb /⁠ʿqrb⁠/)
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Amharic: ዓቅራብ (ʿaḳrab)
    • Ge'ez: ዐቅረብ (ʿäḳräb), ዐቅራብ (ʿäḳrab), አቅረብ (ʾäḳräb), አቅራብ (ʾäḳrab)
    • Tigre: ዓርቀብ (ʿarḳäb), ዓርቃብ (ʿarḳab)
    • Tigrinya: ዕንቅርቢት (ʿənḳərbit)

References

• Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN page 68