Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʔanp-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Ultimately of onomatopoeic origin due to the presence of a nasal consonant.

Noun

*ʔanp- m

1. nose, nostril

Inflection

Declension of *ʔanp-

case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ʔanpum	*ʔanpāna	plural stem + *-ūna
accusative	*ʔanpam	*ʔanpayna	plural stem + *-īna
genitive	*ʔanpim
possessive forms
1st person	*ʔanpī / *ʔanpVya	—	*ʔanpVni
2nd person m	*ʔanpVka	*ʔanpVkumā / *ʔanpVkumay	*ʔanpVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*ʔanpVki		*ʔanpVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*ʔanpVšu	*ʔanpVšumā / *ʔanpVšumay	*ʔanpVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*ʔanpVša		*ʔanpVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔanpuya for nom. case, *ʔanpiya for gen. case, *ʔanpaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒀊𒁍 (appum)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: أَنْف (ʔanf)
      • Moroccan Arabic: نيف (nīf)
      • → Ottoman Turkish: انف (enf)
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic:

        Biblical Aramaic: אַנְפַּיָּא (ʾanpayyā, “face”)

        Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אַפֵּי (ʾappē, “face”)

        Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: אַף m (ʾap̄, “nose”) (emphatic: אַפָּא (ʾappā)), אַפִּין m pl (ʾappīn, “face”) (emphatic: אַפַּיָּא (ʾappayyā))

        • Classical Syriac: ܐܰܦܷ݁ܐ (ʾappē)
      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: אַף (af, ʾap̄)
      • Ugaritic: 𐎀𐎔 (ảp /⁠ʾappu⁠/)
    • Old South Arabian:
      • Minaean: 𐩱𐩬𐩰 (ʾnf, “wall, mure, façade of a fortification”)
      • Sabaean: 𐩱𐩰 (ʾf, “front”, plural 𐩱𐩱𐩬𐩰 (ʾʾnf))
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Gafat: ኣᎈ (āfʷä)
    • Ge'ez: አንፍ (ʾänf)
    • Harari: ኡፍ (ʾuf)
    • Tigre: ኣንፍ (ʾanəf)
    • Tigrinya: ኣንፊ (ʾanfi)

References

• Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 10–11 No. 8