Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/šikar-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*šikar- m

1. alcoholic drink

Inflection

Declension of *šikar-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*šikarum	*šikarāna	plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive	*šikarim	*šikarayna	plural stem + *-īna
Accusative	*šikaram
possessive forms
1st person	*šikarī / *šikarVya	—	*šikarVni
2nd person m	*šikarVka	*šikarVkumā / *šikarVkumay	*šikarVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*šikarVki		*šikarVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*šikarVšu	*šikarVšumā / *šikarVšumay	*šikarVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*šikarVša		*šikarVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *šikaruya for nom. case, *šikariya for gen. case, *šikaraya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *šikar- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *šikaruka *šikarāka plural stem + *-ūka Genitive *šikarika *šikarayka plural stem + *-īka Accusative *šikaraka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *šikar- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *šikaruki *šikarāki plural stem + *-ūki Genitive *šikariki *šikarayki plural stem + *-īki Accusative *šikaraki

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒁉 m (šikarum)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: سَكَر m (sakar)
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic:
        • Classical Syriac: ܫܰܟܪܳܐ m (šaḵrā)
      • Canaanite:
        • Biblical Hebrew: שֵׁכָר m (šēḵār)
          • → Ancient Greek: σίκερα (síkera)
            • → Latin: sīcera
              • Old French: cisdre, sidre
                • → Middle Dutch: sider
                  • Dutch: cider
                • French: cidre
                  • → Japanese: シードル (shīdoru)
                  • Breton: chistr
                • → Middle English: cider
                  • English: cider, cyser
                    • → Hebrew: סַיְדֶּר m (sáider)
                    • → Japanese: サイダー (saidā)
                      • → Korean: 사이다 (saida)
                  • → Welsh: seidr

References

• Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 241