Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/šaḥ(a)r-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*šaḥ(a)r- m

1. dawn, morning

Inflection

Declension of *šaḥ(a)r-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*šaḥ(a)rum	*šaḥ(a)rāna	plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive	*šaḥ(a)rim	*šaḥ(a)rayna	plural stem + *-īna
Accusative	*šaḥ(a)ram
possessive forms
1st person	*šaḥ(a)rī / *šaḥ(a)rVya	—	*šaḥ(a)rVni
2nd person m	*šaḥ(a)rVka	*šaḥ(a)rVkumā / *šaḥ(a)rVkumay	*šaḥ(a)rVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*šaḥ(a)rVki		*šaḥ(a)rVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*šaḥ(a)rVšu	*šaḥ(a)rVšumā / *šaḥ(a)rVšumay	*šaḥ(a)rVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*šaḥ(a)rVša		*šaḥ(a)rVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *šaḥ(a)ruya for nom. case, *šaḥ(a)riya for gen. case, *šaḥ(a)raya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *šaḥ(a)r- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *šaḥ(a)ruka *šaḥ(a)rāka plural stem + *-ūka Genitive *šaḥ(a)rika *šaḥ(a)rayka plural stem + *-īka Accusative *šaḥ(a)raka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *šaḥ(a)r- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *šaḥ(a)ruki *šaḥ(a)rāki plural stem + *-ūki Genitive *šaḥ(a)riki *šaḥ(a)rayki plural stem + *-īki Accusative *šaḥ(a)raki

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒀉𒄘𒍣𒂵 (šērum)
  • Eblaite: 𒋛𒂗𒈝 (si-EN-lum /⁠šiḥrum⁠/, “dawn”)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: سَحَر (saḥar)
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic:

        Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: [script needed] (šaḥrā)

      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew:

          Biblical Hebrew: שַׁחַר (šáḥar)

          Israeli Hebrew: שַׁחַר (shákhar)

      • Ugaritic: 𐎌𐎈𐎗 (šḥr)