Reconstruction:Proto-Samoyedic/ka-

This Proto-Samoyedic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Samoyedic

Alternative reconstructions

(Older reconstruction) *kä-

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Uralic *ko-.

Adverb

*ka-^[1]

interrogative stem

Derived terms

*kanə (“how much”)

Descendants

Nganasan: каӈгә (kaŋgə, “when”)^[2]
Enets:
- Forest Enets: сԑук (sɛuk, “how much”)^[3]
Nenets:
- Forest Nenets: шахаӈ (šaxaŋ, “when”)^[4]
- Tundra Nenets: сяхаʼ (syaxah, “when”)^[5]
>? Proto-Selkup: *qaj (“what”)
- Northern Selkup: ӄай (qaj), ӄой (qoj)^[6]
- Southern Selkup:
  - Narym: ӄай (qaj)^[7]
  - Upper Ob: кай (kaj)^[8]
Kamassian: камән (kamən, “when”), кхәдәʼ (kʰədəʔ, “how”)^[9]
- Koibal: камен (kamen, “when”), кадет (kadet, “how”)^[10]
Mator: каган (kagan, “when”)^[11]

References

^ Janhunen, Juha. 1977. Samojedischer Wortschatz: Gemeinsamojedische Etymologien ('Samoyedic Vocabulary: Common Samoyedic Etymologies'). Castreanianumin toimitteita 17. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura. →ISBN.
^ N. T. Kosterkina, A. C. Momde, T. Y. Zhdanova (2001) Словарь нганасанско-русский и русско-нганасанский, St. Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN, page 62
^ https://siberianlanguages.surrey.ac.uk/resource/forest-enets-lexical-words/?q=s%C9%9Buk&offset=1
^ M. Y. Barmich, I. A. Vello (2002) Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий (лесной диалект), Просвещение, →ISBN, page 151
^ N. M. Tereschenko (2005) Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, 3rd edition, Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN, page 125
^ O. A. Kazakevich, Ye. M. Budyanskaya (2010) Диалектологический словарь селькупского языка (северное наречие) [Dialectological dictionary of the Selkup language (Northern continuum)], Yekaterinburg: Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the RAS; Баско, →ISBN, pages 49, 56
^ I. A. Korobeynikova (2020) Родное слово [Native word], Tomsk: Аграф-Пресс; Вайар, →ISBN, page 51 of 240
^ G. Yu. Kostyuchenko (2023) Тюйкуй Йэжиссан – Селькупский словарь для остяков Молчановского района [Tjuykuy Yezhissan – Selkup dictionary for Molchanovo district Selkup people], Molchanovo, page 19 of 109
^ Donner, Kai R. (1944) Kamassisches Wörterbuch nebst Sprachproben und Hauptzügen der Grammatik‎^[1], Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, pages 26, 29
^ T. Janurik (2021) Kojbál szótár: a publikált szójegyzékek egyesített szótára.‎^[2] (in Hungarian), Székesfehérvár, pages 21, 22, 78
^ E. Helimski (1997) N. Beáta, editor, Die Matorische Sprache‎^[3] (in German), Szeged: JATE Finnugor Tanszék, →ISBN, page 259

[1] Janhunen, Juha. 1977. Samojedischer Wortschatz: Gemeinsamojedische Etymologien ('Samoyedic Vocabulary: Common Samoyedic Etymologies'). Castreanianumin toimitteita 17. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura. →ISBN.

[2] N. T. Kosterkina, A. C. Momde, T. Y. Zhdanova (2001) Словарь нганасанско-русский и русско-нганасанский, St. Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN, page 62

[3] ttps://siberianlanguages.surrey.ac.uk/resource/forest-enets-lexical-words/?q=s%C9%9Buk&offset=1

[4] M. Y. Barmich, I. A. Vello (2002) Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий (лесной диалект), Просвещение, →ISBN, page 151

[5] N. M. Tereschenko (2005) Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, 3rd edition, Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN, page 125

[6] O. A. Kazakevich, Ye. M. Budyanskaya (2010) Диалектологический словарь селькупского языка (северное наречие) [Dialectological dictionary of the Selkup language (Northern continuum)], Yekaterinburg: Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the RAS; Баско, →ISBN, pages 49, 56

[7] I. A. Korobeynikova (2020) Родное слово [Native word], Tomsk: Аграф-Пресс; Вайар, →ISBN, page 51 of 240

[8] G. Yu. Kostyuchenko (2023) Тюйкуй Йэжиссан – Селькупский словарь для остяков Молчановского района [Tjuykuy Yezhissan – Selkup dictionary for Molchanovo district Selkup people], Molchanovo, page 19 of 109

[9] Donner, Kai R. (1944) Kamassisches Wörterbuch nebst Sprachproben und Hauptzügen der Grammatik‎^[1], Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, pages 26, 29

[10] T. Janurik (2021) Kojbál szótár: a publikált szójegyzékek egyesített szótára.‎^[2] (in Hungarian), Székesfehérvár, pages 21, 22, 78

[11] E. Helimski (1997) N. Beáta, editor, Die Matorische Sprache‎^[3] (in German), Szeged: JATE Finnugor Tanszék, →ISBN, page 259

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