Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan/kara

This Proto-Ryukyuan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

This Proto-Ryukyuan entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Proto-Ryukyuan

Etymology 1

From Proto-Japonic *kara (“course, way”).

Particle

*kara

2. ablative marker

Descendants

• Northern Ryukyuan:
  • Kikai: から (kara), ら (ra)
  • Kunigami: から (khara), ちゃら (chara), ら (ra)
  • Northern Amami Ōshima: はら (hara), か゚ら (xara), から (kara)
  • Okinawan: から (kara)
  • Okinoerabu: から (kara)
  • Southern Amami Ōshima: はら (hara), か゚ら (xara), から (kara)
  • Tokunoshima: から (kara)
  • Yoron: から (kara), ちゃら (chara)
• Southern Ryukyuan:
  • Miyako: から (kara)
  • Yaeyama: から (kara)
  • Yonaguni: がら (gara)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Japonic *kara (“sharp of flavor; harsh”).

Adjective

*kara

2. sharp of flavor
   1. salty
   2. spicy
   3. strong (of alcohol)
3. harsh

Descendants

• Northern Ryukyuan:
  • Kikai: 辛さい, 苛さい, 鹹さい (harasai)
  • Kunigami: 辛ーしぇん, 苛ーしぇん, 鹹ーしぇん (harāshen)
  • Northern Amami Ōshima: 辛さり, 苛さり, 鹹さり (xarasari)
  • Okinawan: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (karasan)
  • Okinoerabu: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (harasan)
  • Southern Amami Ōshima: 辛ーさむっ, 苛ーさむっ, 鹹ーさむっ (karāsam)
  • Tokunoshima: 辛ーい, 苛ーい, 鹹ーい (karāi)
  • Yoron: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (harasan)
• Southern Ryukyuan:
  • Miyako: 辛, 苛, 鹹 (kara)
  • Yaeyama: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (karasan)
  • Yonaguni: 辛ん, 苛ん, 鹹ん (karan)