Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan/age

This Proto-Ryukyuan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Ryukyuan

Etymology 1

From Proto-Japonic *ank-a- (“to raise”).

Pronunciation

• Tone class: A

Verb

*age

1. to raise

Descendants

• Northern Ryukyuan:
  • Kikai: 上ぎゆい (agiyui)
  • Kunigami: 上ぎーるん (agīrun /⁠ʔàgíːɾûŋ⁠/)
  • Northern Amami Ōshima: 上ぐぃるり (agïruri)
  • Okinawan: 上ぎゆん (agiyun /⁠ʔágíjùŋ⁠/)
  • Okinoerabu: 上ぎゆん (agiyun /⁠ʔàgíjúŋ⁠/)
  • Southern Amami Ōshima: 上ぐぃりゅむっ (agïryum)
  • Tokunoshima: 上ぐぃるい (agïrui /⁠ʔàgɨ́ɾúɪ́⁠/)
  • Yoron: 上ぎゅん (agyun /⁠àgjùŋ⁠/)
• Southern Ryukyuan:
  • Miyako: 上ぎイ゚ (agiɿ)
  • Yaeyama: 上ぎん (agin /⁠ʔágîŋ⁠/), 上ぎるん (agirun /⁠ʔágíɾùŋ⁠/)
  • Yonaguni: 上き゚るん (a'ngirun /⁠àŋíɾúŋ⁠/)

Etymology 2

Likely an extension of Etymology 1 above. This extension also occurred in the Shikoku region, the Chūgoku region, Fukuoka Prefecture and Kagoshima prefecture, where this form is preserved as /age/.

Pronunciation

• Tone class: A

Verb

*age

1. land

Descendants

• Northern Ryukyuan:
  • Kunigami: 陸 (agī /⁠ʔàgíː⁠/)
  • Okinawan: 陸 (agi /⁠ʔágì⁠/)
  • Okinoerabu: 陸 (agī /⁠ʔàgíː⁠/)
  • Southern Amami Ōshima: 陸 (agi /⁠ʔàgîˑ⁠/)
  • Tokunoshima: 陸 (agï /⁠ʔàgɨ́⁠/)
  • Yoron: 陸 (agi /⁠àgì⁠/)
• Southern Ryukyuan:
  • Yaeyama: 陸 (agi /⁠ʔágì⁠/)
  • Yonaguni: 陸 (a'ngi /⁠ʔàŋí⁠/)