Reconstruction:Proto-Northeast Caucasian/ruƛ̣(V) ~ *ruƛ̣ƛ̣(V)

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This Proto-Northeast Caucasian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Northeast Caucasian

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Alternative reconstructions

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  • #...ƛʼ... / #...ƛƛʼ..., class 4[1]
  • Starostin & Nikolayev (1994) splits up this cognate set, seeing some forms as from *ʔrĕg_wĔ and others from *rɨḳwV.[2][3]

Noun

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*ruƛ̣(V) ~ *ruƛ̣ƛ̣(V) (class 4) /rutɬʼ(V)/ ~ /rutɬːʼ(V)/ (oblique stem *rɨƛ̣wV́- /rɨˈtɬʼw(V)/- ~ *rɨƛ̣ƛ̣wV́- /rɨˈtɬːʼw(V)/-)

  1. yoke

Descendants

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  • From *ruƛ̣(V), *rɨƛ̣wV́-
    • Proto-Nakh: *duq̇ class 4 (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Tsezian: *ruƛ̣u (oblique stem *rɨƛ̣(w)e-)
    • Lak: duḳ
    • Dargwa: duḳ
  • From *ruƛ̣ƛ̣(V), *rɨƛ̣ƛ̣wV́-
    • Proto-Avaro-Andian:

References

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  • Schrijver, Peter (2021) “A history of the vowel systems of the Nakh languages (East Caucasian), with special reference to umlaut in Chechen and Ingush”, in Languages of the Caucasus‎[3], volume 5, →DOI, →ISSN, page 138: “*duqʾ”
  1. ^ Nichols, Johanna (2003) “The Nakh-Daghestanian consonant correspondences”, in Dee Ann Holisky, Kevin Tuite, editors, Current Trends in Caucasian, East European and Inner Asian Linguistics: Papers in honor of Howard I. Aronson, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, →DOI, page 260
  2. ^ Nikolaev, Sergei L., Starostin, Sergei A. (1994) “*ʔrĕg_wĔ”, in A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary‎[1], Moscow: Asterisk Publishers
  3. ^ Nikolaev, Sergei L., Starostin, Sergei A. (1994) “*rɨḳwV”, in A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary‎[2], Moscow: Asterisk Publishers
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