Reconstruction:Proto-Nakh/borš

This Proto-Nakh entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Nakh

Etymology

Borrowed from Iranian (see Proto-Iranian *(w)ŕ̥šā). Compare Alanic *wurs (“stallion”) and also Proto-Finnic *varsa (“a foal, in particular a male one”).^[1]^[2]

Nikolaev & Starostin (1994) believe that Nakh form goes back to Proto-Northeast Caucasian, but their reconstruction contains irregular correspondences. Nichols (2003)^[3] is mistaken in the meaning of the Ingush form.^[4] Schrijver (2021) compares the Ingush adjective^[5]^[6] with the Bats and Chechen noun, which, apparently, is a mistake, since there is a corresponding Chechen adjective.^[7]

Noun

*borš

young bull

Related terms

adjectives

*boršeᶰ (“male”)

Descendants

Bats: ბორშ class dd (borš)
Vainakh:
- Chechen: борш class jj (borš)
- >? Ingush: борш class jj (borš, “chestnut”)

References

Nikolaev, Sergei L., Starostin, Sergei A. (1994) A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary‎^[2], Moscow: Asterisk Publishers: “*borš”
Schrijver, Peter (2021) “A history of the vowel systems of the Nakh languages (East Caucasian), with special reference to umlaut in Chechen and Ingush”, in Languages of the Caucasus‎^[3], volume 5, →DOI, →ISSN, page 137: “*borš”

^ Genko, Anatolii N. (1930) “Из культурного прошлого ингушей [From the cultural past of the Ingush]”, in Записки коллегии востоковедов при Азиатском музее АН СССР, volume V, Leningrad, page 725 of 681–761
^ Abajev, V. I. (1989) “wyrs | urs”, in Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 124‒125
^ Nichols, Johanna (2003) “The Nakh-Daghestanian consonant correspondences”, in Dee Ann Holisky, Kevin Tuite, editors, Current Trends in Caucasian, East European and Inner Asian Linguistics: Papers in honor of Howard I. Aronson, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, →DOI, page 246
^ Nichols, Johanna B. (2004) “Proto-Nakh/borš”, in Ingush–English and English–Ingush Dictionary, London and New York: Routledge, page 39
^ Malʹsagov, Zaurbek K. (1963) Грамматика ингушского языка [Grammar of the Ingush language]‎^[1] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Grozny: Chechen-Ingush book publishing house, page 87
^ Nichols, Johanna B. (2004) “Proto-Nakh/borš”, in Ingush–English and English–Ingush Dictionary, London and New York: Routledge, page 39
^ Matsiev, Akhmat G. (1961) Чеченско-русский словарь / Нохчийн-оьрсийн словарь [Chechen-Russian dictionary] (in Russian), Moscow: State Publishing House of Foreign and Ethnicity Dictionaries, page 68

[1] Genko, Anatolii N. (1930) “Из культурного прошлого ингушей [From the cultural past of the Ingush]”, in Записки коллегии востоковедов при Азиатском музее АН СССР, volume V, Leningrad, page 725 of 681–761

[2] Abajev, V. I. (1989) “wyrs | urs”, in Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 124‒125

[3] Nichols, Johanna (2003) “The Nakh-Daghestanian consonant correspondences”, in Dee Ann Holisky, Kevin Tuite, editors, Current Trends in Caucasian, East European and Inner Asian Linguistics: Papers in honor of Howard I. Aronson, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, →DOI, page 246

[4] Nichols, Johanna B. (2004) “Proto-Nakh/borš”, in Ingush–English and English–Ingush Dictionary, London and New York: Routledge, page 39

[5] Malʹsagov, Zaurbek K. (1963) Грамматика ингушского языка [Grammar of the Ingush language]‎^[1] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Grozny: Chechen-Ingush book publishing house, page 87

[6] Nichols, Johanna B. (2004) “Proto-Nakh/borš”, in Ingush–English and English–Ingush Dictionary, London and New York: Routledge, page 39

[7] Matsiev, Akhmat G. (1961) Чеченско-русский словарь / Нохчийн-оьрсийн словарь [Chechen-Russian dictionary] (in Russian), Moscow: State Publishing House of Foreign and Ethnicity Dictionaries, page 68

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