Reconstruction:Proto-Muskogean/ka
See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Muskogean/-ka
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This Proto-Muskogean entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Muskogean
[edit]Verb
[edit]*ka[1]
- to say
Reconstruction notes
[edit]- Booker (1980) argues that *ka (“to say”), *(-)ka (mediopassive auxiliary), and *-ka (definite) may be one polysemous Proto-Muskogean term (instead of different terms with distinct etymologies).
Derived terms
[edit]- *ka-či (causative)
- *ka-li (transitive)
- Choctaw: ali
- *o-ka (focus)
- Creek: oketv
- *t-o-ka (quotative marker) (see there for further descendants)
Descendants
[edit]- ⇒ Alabama: manka
- Choctaw: a
- ⇒ Creek: maketv
- Hitchiti: ka
- ⇒ Hitchiti: onka-
- ⇒ Koasati: mankalaho̱, onkalaho̱
- ⇒ Mikasuki: onka-, inka-
Verb
[edit]*ka[1]
- (auxiliary) verb used to form mediopassive periphrastic constructions
Reconstruction notes
[edit]The auxiliary verb does not survive as a distinct verb in any of the descendant languages (instead it survives as a suffix in the descendant languages), but both Haas (1977) and Booker (1980) agree that at some point in Proto-Muskogean history it must have been a separate auxiliary instead of a suffix.[1][2]
Alternative reconstructions
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Booker, Karen (1980) Comparative Muskogean: aspects of Proto-Muskogean verb morphology (Thesis), University of Kansas
- ^ Haas, Mary R. (1977) “From Auxiliary Verb Phrase to Inflectional Suffix”, in Li, Charles N., editors, Mechanism of Syntactic Change, Austin: University of Texas Press, →ISBN, pages 525-537
- ^ Martin, Jack B., Munro, Pamela (2005) “Proto-Muskogean Morphology”, in Hardy, Heather kay and Scancarelli, Janine, editors, Native Languages of the Southeastern United States, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, pages 299-320