Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/šiker

This Proto-Mongolic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Mongolic

Alternative forms

• *šikir (most attestations are ambiguous, but both of these forms are present in pre-Classical Mongolian)

Etymology

Probably transmitted via a Turkic language from Persian شکر (šakar), ultimately from Sanskrit शर्करा (śárkarā, “ground or candied sugar, originally meaning grit, gravel”).

Noun

*šiker

1. sugar

Descendants

• Buryat: шэхэр (šexer)
• East Yugur: shigir
• Middle Mongol:
  • Mongolian: ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ (sikir), ᠰᠢᠬᠡᠷ (siker), ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠷ (čikir)
    • Khalkha: чихэр (čixer)
      • → Southern Altai: чикир (čikir)
      • → Tuvan: чигир (çigir)
    • Jerim: /ʃixər/
    • Juu Uda:
      • Baarin: /ʃixər/
      • Aru Khorchin: /t͡ʃʰixər/
    • Ulan Tsab: /t͡ʃixər/, /t͡ʃʰixər/
    • Shilingol: /t͡ʃixər/
    • Ordos: /ʃikxər/
  • → Arabic: شيكر (šiker, šikir)
  • → Chinese: 扯克兒／扯克儿 (čeker) (Beilu Yiyu)
  • → Uyghur: شېكەر (shëker)
• Written Oirat:
  • Kalmyk: шикр (şikr)
    • → Kalmyk: шикр-балта (şikr-balta)
    • → Southern Altai: шикир (šikir)

References

• Apatóczky Ákos Bertalan: Yiyu. The deciphering of a sixteenth century Sino-Mongolian glossary page 84, Theses of PhD Dissertation, Budapest, 2006