Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/banua

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *banua.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /banua/

Noun

*banua

inhabited land (territory supporting the life of a community)

Descendants

Proto-Philippine: *banua
- Batanic:
  - Ibatan: banua
  - Itbayaten: vanua
  - Ivatan: vanua
- Central Luzon:
  - Abenlen Ayta: banwa
  - Kapampangan: banwa, banua
- Greater Central Philippine:
  - Central Philippine:
    - Bikol:
      - Bikol Central: banwa
      - Northern Catanduanes Bicolano: banwa
    - Subanen:
      - Central Subanen: benwa
    - Visayan:
      - Aklanon: banwa
      - Asi: banwa
      - Cebuano: banwa
      - Hiligaynon: banwa
      - Romblomanon: banwa
      - Tausug: banuwa
      - Waray-Waray: banwa
  - Manobo:
    - Agusan Manobo: banwa
    - Dibabawon Manobo: banwa
  - Palawan:
    - Brooke's Point Palawano: benwa
    - Central Tagbanwa: banwa, banuwa
    - Tagbanwa: banwa
  - South Mangyan:
    - Buhid: banwa
- Kalamian:
  - Agutaynen: banoa
- Minahasan:
  - Tondano: wanua
- Northern Luzon:
  - Pangasinan: banwa
- Sangiric:
  - Sangir: banua
North Bornean
- Southwest Sabahan
  - Dusunic
    - Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan: vonuvo
  - Paitanic
    - Tombonuo: wonuo
    - Upper Kinabatangan: wanuo
Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
- Mentawai: manua
- Nias: banua
- Simeulue: bano, fano
- Toba Batak: banua
Malayo-Sumbawan
- Proto-Malayic: *bənua
  - Banjarese: banua
  - Brunei Malay: benua
  - Iban: menoa, menua
  - Malay: benua
    - Baba Malay: benua
    - Indonesian: benua
  - Minangkabau: benua, banua
  - Urak Lawoi': บือนูวา (benuwa)
Old Javanese: wanwa
South Sulawesi
- Embaloh: banua
- Makasar: banoa
- Mandar: banua
- Tae': banua
Celebic
- Banggai: bonua
- Lauje: bonuo
- Pamona: banua
- Wolio: banua
Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *banua
- Central Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Selaru: hnua
  - Yamdena: pnue
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih: *fanua
    - Ansus: wanu
    - Roon: monu
    - Sawai: pnu
    - Waropen: nu
  - Proto-Oceanic: *panua (“village”)
    - Western Oceanic:
      - Hiri Motu: hanua
      - Molima: vanua
      - Motu: hanua
    - Central–Eastern Oceanic:
      - Southeast Solomonic:
        'Are'are: hanua
        Arosi: hanua, henua
        Bughotu: vanua
        Kwaio: fanua
        Longgu: vanua
        Lau: fanua
        Sa'a: hanua
      - Southern Oceanic:
        Mota: vanua
        Nokuku: wenua
        Wusi: wanua
      - Micronesian:
        Woleaian: faliuw
      - Central Pacific:
        Fijian: vanua
        Proto-Polynesian: *fenua
        Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
        Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
        Marquesic:
        Hawaiian: henua, honua
        Mangarevan: ’enua
        North Marquesan: henua
        South Marquesan: fenua
        Rapa Nui: henua
        Tahitic:
        Maori: whenua
        Rakahanga-Manihiki: fenua, henua
        Rarotongan: 'enua
        Tahitian: fenua
        Tuamotuan: fenua
        Samoic-Outlier:
        Ellicean:
        Kapingamarangi: fenua, henua
        Sikaiana: henua
        Takuu: fenua
        Tuvaluan: fenua
        Futunic:
        Anuta: penua
        East Futuna: fenua
        Emae: fenua
        Mele-Fila: fenua
        Pukapukan: wenua
        Tikopia: fenua
        Samoic:
        Samoan: fanua
        Tokelauan: fenua
        Tongic:
        Niuafo'ou: fenua
        Tongan: fonua

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Descendants

Further reading