Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/zura-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Etymology

The word appears to be absent in Georgian. Seemingly similar words exist in Northeast Caucasian languages: compare Chechen зуда (zuda, “female”), жеро (žero, “widow”), Ingush зуда (zuda, “bitch”), жеро (žero, “widow”), Bats ჟერო̆ (žerŏ, “widow”), Lak гужа (guža, “bitch”).

Noun

*zur(a)-

female

Descendants

Proto-Georgian-Zan:
- Zan:
  - Laz: ზურა (zura, “female (of animals)”)
  - Mingrelian: ზურა (zura, “coward”)
⇒ Svan: ზურა̄ლ (zurāl, “woman”), ზურა̈ჲ (zuräy, “female (of animals)”)

References

Kipšidze, Iosif (1914) “ზურა”, in Грамматика мингрельского (иверского) языка с хрестоматией и словарем [Grammar of the Mingrelian (Iverian) Language with a Reader and a Dictionary] (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 7)‎^[1] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 238a
Goniašvili, Tinatin (1940) “Leksiḳuri šexvedrebi čačnurisa kartvelur enebtan [The lexical interactions of Chechen with Kartvelian languages]”, in Enis, isṭoriisa da maṭerialuri ḳulṭuris insṭiṭuṭis aḳademiḳos niḳo maris saxelobis moambe (in Georgian), volumes V–VI, Tbilisi, page 602 of 575–632
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Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Bouda, Karl (1955) “Südkaukasisch-nordkaukasische Etymologien”, in Die Welt des Orients‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, number 2, page 202 of 200–205
Klimov, G. A. (1964) “*zura-”, in Этимологический словарь картвельских языков [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Academy Press, page 89
Klimov, G. A. (1998) “*zura-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 61
Fähnrich, Heinz, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) “*zur-”, in Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: University Press, pages 219–220
Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) “*zur-”, in Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 179–180
Čuxua, Merab (2007) “*zur-”, in Iberiul-ičkeriul enata šedarebiti gramaṭiḳa [Ibero-Ichkerian Comparative Grammar] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Tbilisi State University Press, page 338