Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/cxeml-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Alternative reconstructions

• *krcxeml- (Klimov)

Noun

*cxeml- (Fähnrich-Sarǯvelaʒe)

1. hornbeam

Descendants

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • Georgian: (Chveneburi) ცხრემლა (cxremla), (Imereti) ცხევლა (cxevla), (Racha, Lechkhumi, Guria, Adjara) რცხმელა (rcxmela), ცხმელა (cxmela), (Middle Georgian) ქრცხემლი (krcxemli)
  • Zan:
    • Laz: ცხემური (ʒxemuri), მცხემბრი (mʒxembri), ცხემბი (ʒxembi) — Atina, ცხრემბი (ʒxrembi), ცხემრი (ʒxemri) — Artasheni
    • Mingrelian: ცხიმური (cximuri), ცხემური (cxemuri) — Senaki
• Svan: ცხუმ (cxum), ცხუმრა (cxumra), ცხუ̂იმრა (cxûimra), ცხუ̂იმ (cxûim), ცხჷმ (cxəm) (← *ცხამუ̂- (*cxamû-))

Unsorted formations

• Old Georgian: ქრცხებული (krcxebuli), ქრცხილი (krcxili), ქრცხილა (krcxila)
  • Georgian: რცხილა (rcxila), (Ingilo) ცხილაჲ (cxilay), (Mtiuleti, Pshavi) კირცხილა (ḳircxila)

Unsorted borrowings

• →? Old Armenian: Ցըխոյ-ք (Cʻəxoy-kʻ, an ethnonym)
• →⇒? Old Armenian: Սա-ցխում-էթ (Sa-cʻxum-ētʻ, a toponym)

References

• Klimov, G. A. (1964) “*krcxeml-”, in Этимологический словарь картвельских языков [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Academy Press, page 200
• Klimov, G. A. (1998) “*krcxml-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 219
• Marr, N. (1915) “Яфетические названия деревьев и растений (Pluralia tantum). II [Japhetic names of trees and plants (Pluralia tantum). II]”, in Известия Российской Академии Наук. VI серия‎^[1] (in Russian), volume 9, number 9, page 822
• Fähnrich, Heinz, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) “*cxeml-”, in Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: University Press, page 585
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) “*cxeml-”, in Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 565