Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/čwen-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Pronoun

*čwen-

1. we
2. our

Descendants

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • Old Georgian: ჩუენ (čuen), ⇒ ჩუენი (čueni)
    • Georgian: ჩვენ (čven)
    • Georgian: ჩვენი (čveni)
  • Zan:
    • Laz: ჩქუნ (çkun), შკუ (şǩu) — Atina, Artasheni, ჩქუ (çku) — Alternative spelling, ჩქინ (çkin) — Khopa–Batumi, ⇒ ჩქუნი (çkuni), შკუნი (şǩuni) — Atina, Vizha, Artasheni, ჩქინი (çkini) — Khopa–Batumi, Chkhala
    • Mingrelian: ჩქჷ (čkə), ჩქი (čki), ⇒ ჩქჷნი (čkəni)
• ⇒ Svan: გუშგუ̂ეჲ (gušgûey, “our (inclusive)”), ნიშგუ̂ეჲ (nišgûey, “our (exclusive)”), ⇒? მიშგუ̂ი (mišgûi, “mine”)

References

• Klimov, G. A. (1998) “*čwen, *čwen-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 256–257
• Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, pages 563–564
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 541–542
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2019) “wir, unser”, in Der Erbwortschatz der Kartwelsprachen [The inherited vocabulary of Kartvelian languages] (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, page 223, reconstructs *čwe-

Further reading

• Melikišvili, Irine (1975) “E > i ṗrocesi zanur dialekṭebši da xmovanta šesaṭq̇visobis erti darɣveva kartvelur enebši [E > i process in Zan dialects and the disturbance of vowel correspondences in the Kartvelian languages]”, in Macne: enisa da liṭeraṭuris seria (in Georgian), number 4, Tbilisi: Metsniereba, page 122―128