Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/karu

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Pronunciation

Accent class: HH-

Adjective

*karu

light, lightweight
Antonym: *onpo

Descendants

Old Japanese: 軽 (karu)
- Japanese: 軽い (karui, Classical form karusi: Heian HHF, Tokyo 2 [LHL(L)], Kyoto 1:3 [LHL(L)]^[1] / Modern karui: Tokyo 0 [LHH(H)] = A, Kyoto 2 [HLL(L)] = A, Kagoshima A [HLL(L)]^[2])
Proto-Ryukyuan: *karu (tone class A)
- Northern Ryukyuan: *karu, *garu
  - Kunigami: 軽しぇん (gasshen /⁠gáꞯɕèɴ⁠/)
  - Northern Amami Ōshima: 軽さり (garusari)
  - Okinawan: 軽さん (kassan, gassan /⁠káꞯsâɴ, gáꞯsâɴ⁠/)
  - Okinoerabu: 軽さん (harusan /⁠hàɾùsâɴ⁠/)
  - Southern Amami Ōshima: 軽さむっ (xarsam /⁠kʰàɾsàm̩⁠/)
  - Tokunoshima: 軽はい (garohai /⁠gàɾòháɪ̀⁠/)
  - Yoron: 軽さん (harusan /⁠hàɾùsàɴ⁠/)
- Southern Ryukyuan:
  - Miyako: 軽ーㇲ゙ (kāz)
  - Yaeyama: 軽さーん (karasān /⁠káɾásàːɴ⁠/)
  - Yonaguni: 軽ん (karan /⁠kàɾáɴ⁠/)

References

^ “かる・い【軽】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

[KDJ2O-1] “かる・い【軽】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

[ZAJ-2] Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]