Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/wayd-

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wayd-, from Proto-Indo-European *weyd-.

Root

*wayd-

to know
to find

Derived terms

*ni-wayd-, with *ni- (“down”)
- Eastern Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬥𐬌𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬉𐬜𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬨𐬌 (niuuaēδaiiemi, “to invite a deity to the sacrifice, dedicate”)
  - Sogdian: [script needed] (nwʾyδ- /⁠ni-wēδ-⁠/, “to invite, inform”)
- Western Iranian:
  - Northwestern Iranian:
    - Parthian:
      Manichaean: nwyst (*niwist, “invited”); nwydg (*niwēdag, “invitation or good news”)
    - → Old Armenian: նուէր (nuēr, “oblation, sacrifice”) ← Middle Iranian *nivēδ
    - → Old Armenian: նուիրակ (nuirak, “announcer, messenger, etc.”) ← Middle Iranian: *nivēδāk
  - Southwestern Iranian:
    - Middle Persian:
      Book Pahlavi: nwstn' (*niwistan), nwyk- / nwyd- (*niwēy-, “to announce, consecrate”); nwyk' (*niwē, “good news”)
      - Persian: نوید (navid, “good news”)
*fra-wayd-, with *fra-
- → Old Armenian: հրաւէր (hrawēr), հրաւիրեմ (hrawirem)
- → Old Armenian: հրաւիրակ (hrawirak)
*pati-wayd-, with *pati-
- → Old Armenian: պատուէր (patuēr), պատուիրեմ (patuirem)
- → Old Armenian: պատուիրակ (patuirak)

Descendants

Eastern Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬬𐬌𐬛 (vid, “to know”) (𐬬𐬌𐬜 (viδ), 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬛 (vaēd), 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬜 (vaēδ))
Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian:
  Manichaean: 𐫇𐫍𐫏𐫆 (whyẖ /⁠wehīh⁠/, “wisdom”) (possibly)

References

Cheung, Johnny (2007) “u̯aid¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 408–409
Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “նուէր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page նուիրակ of 469–471
MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “*niwē”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 60