Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/gawθrám

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gawtrám.

Noun

*gawθrám n

1. growth, multiplication
2. lineage, family

Inflection

neuter a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gawθrám	*gawθráy	*gawθráH
vocative	*gawθrám	*gawθráy	*gawθráH
accusative	*gawθrám	*gawθráy	*gawθráH
instrumental	*gawθrā́	*gawθráybyaH	*gawθrā́yš
ablative	*gawθrā́t	*gawθráybyaH	*gawθráybyah
dative	*gawθrā́y	*gawθráybyaH	*gawθráybyah
genitive	*gawθráhya	*gawθráyāh	*gawθrā́nam
locative	*gawθráy	*gawθráyaw	*gawθráyšu

Descendants

• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Sogdian: 𐫄𐫇𐫢𐫤 (ǧwšt, “metals”, pl.)
  • Bactrian: *ɣōr
    • ⇒ Bactrian: γωυριγο (gōurigo /⁠ɣōriɣ⁠/, “family”)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Northern Kurdish: gewher (“jewel, gem”)
  • Old Median: *gauθram
    • → Old Persian: *gauθram
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠gōhr⁠/, “substance; jewel; lineage”)

        Manichaean script: 𐫃𐫇𐫍𐫡 (gwhr)

        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwhl), [script needed] (gwʾhl) (see there for further descendants)

      • ⇒ Late Old Persian: *Čanagōθram
        • → Elamite: [script needed] (Za-na-ku-ut-ra)
      • ⇒ Late Old Persian: *Čitēgōθram
        • → Elamite: [script needed] (Zí-te-ku-ut-ra)
      • ⇒ Late Old Persian: *Hangōθram
        • Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hmgwhl /⁠hamgōhr⁠/)
        • → Elamite: [script needed] (An-ku-ut-ra)
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Old Persian: *gauçam
    • ⇒ Old Persian: *Kangauçam
      • → Elamite: [script needed] (Ka₄-ka₄-u-iš-ša)