Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/daywáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás (“god”).

Noun

*daywáh m

1. demon; malevolent being

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*daywáh	*daywā́	*daywā́
vocative	*daywa	*daywā́	*daywā́
accusative	*daywám	*daywā́	*daywā́nh
instrumental	*daywā́	*daywáybyaH	*daywā́yš
ablative	*daywā́t	*daywáybyaH	*daywáybyah
dative	*daywā́y	*daywáybyaH	*daywáybyah
genitive	*daywáhya	*daywáyāh	*daywā́nam
locative	*daywáy	*daywáyaw	*daywáyšu

Derived terms

• *daywánah

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daēuua)
    • → English: daeva
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Proto-Scythian:
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (dyū, “demon”)
    • Ossetian: [Term?] (“wizard, demon”)

      Digor Ossetian: ӕвдеу (ævdew)

      Iron Ossetian: ӕвдиу (ævdiw)

  • Sogdian: [Term?] (“demon; unreliable person; liar”)

    Sogdian script: [script needed] (δyw /⁠δēw⁠/),

    Manichaean script: 𐫔𐫏𐫇 (δyw /⁠δēw⁠/),

    Syriac script: ܕܝܘ (dyw /⁠δēw⁠/)

    • → Persian: لیوه (live, “unreliable, lier person”)
• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (lew, “a night-mare, a night-spectre that eats people”)
  • Pashto: دېو (dew) (perhaps borrowed from Persian), دېب (deb)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Baluchi: دیو (dêw)
  • Kurdish:

    Central Kurdish: دێو (dêw)

    Northern Kurdish: dêw

    Southern Kurdish: دێو (dêw)

    Laki: دێڤ (dêv)

  • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *daywə́h
    • Caspian:
      • Old Mazanderani: دیب (dēb, “demon”)
        • Mazanderani: دب (deb), دو (dev)
      • Gilaki: یوها (yuhā, “demon”) (perhaps)
    • Parthian:

      Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫏𐫇 (dyw /⁠dēw⁠/, “demon”)

      • → Aghwan: 𐔳𐔴𐕡 (dew), 𐔳𐔴𐕛 (dev)
      • → Old Armenian: դև (dew)
      • → Old Georgian: დევი (devi)
      • ⇒ Parthian:

        Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫏𐫇𐫃 (dywg /⁠dēwag⁠/, “insect; worm, vermin”)

        • → Persian: دیوک (divak, “worm; insect; bug; toxic mushroom”), دیوه (dīve, “silk worm”)
    • Old Tati:

      Old Azari: دیو (dēw)

      • Karingani: dēv
      • Harzani: dev
    • Zazaki: dêw, dêb, dyêb
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Old Persian: 𐎭𐎡𐎺 (d-i-v /⁠daivaʰ⁠/)
    • Middle Persian:

      Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫏𐫇 (dyw /⁠dēw⁠/, “evil spirit, demon”)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ŠDYA /⁠dēw⁠/, “evil spirit, demon”)

      • Classical Persian: دیوْ (dēw)
        • Dari: دیوْ (dēw)
        • Iranian Persian: دیوْ (div, “demon”)
          • → English: div
        • Tajik: дев (dev)
        • → Bengali: দেও (deō)
        • → Hindustani:

          Hindi: देव (dev)

          Urdu: دیوْ (dev)

        • → Kazakh: дәу (däu)
        • → Turkmen: döw
        • → Ottoman Turkish: دیو (div)
          • Turkish: dev, div
          • → Serbo-Croatian: div / див
      • ⇒ Middle Persian:

        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dywwk' /⁠dēwōg⁠/, “leech”)

        • Classical Persian:
          • Iranian Persian: دیوک (divok, divak, “leech”)
    • → Aramaic: דיוא (daywā)
      • Classical Syriac: ܕܝܘܐ (daywā)
      • → Arabic: دِيُو (diyū)
        • → Kazakh: дию (diü)