Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/bádHr̥

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

This Proto-Iranian entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Proto-Iranian

Alternative reconstructions

• *badra-
• *badar-
• *baddra-, *badadra-
• *barθra-, *barθrya-

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰádʰHr̥ ~ *bʰádʰHas, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰódʰh₂-r̥ ~ *bʰédʰh₂-n̥s, from *bʰedʰh₂- (“to dig, pierce”) +‎ *-r̥.

Noun

*bádHr̥

1. spade, shovel

Derived terms

• *bádHrakah (“spoon, spatula”)
  • Bashkardi: [script needed] (bahr)
  • Kermanic:

    Abyanehi, Komjani, Qohrudi: bahrā

  • Middle Persian: *bahrag
    • Bakhtiari: [script needed] (bahra)

Descendants

• Southeastern Iranian: (Persian borrowings?)
  • Ormuri: [script needed] (bēl)
  • Pashto: بېل (bel)
  • Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
    • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (bēl)
    • Sanglechi: [script needed] (bēl)
  • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
    • Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
      • Munji: [script needed] (bɛ̄l)
      • Yidgha: [script needed] (bil), [script needed] (bīl)
    • Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
      • Sarikoli: bēl
      • Shughni:

        Bartangi: bēl

• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Baluchi: برد (bard)
  • Kurdish:

    Northern Kurdish: bêr

    Central Kurdish: بێڵ (bêll), بێرِک (bêrik)

    Southern Kurdish: بیەڵ (byell)

  • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *bádr̥
    • Gurani: [script needed] (bāla), [script needed] (bālī)
    • Proto-Komisenian:
      • Lasgerdi: [script needed] (bōle)
      • Sangisari: [script needed] (bōle)
    • Middle Median: *bárd, *bā́l, *bḗr
      • Kermanic:

        Sedehi: bīl, bad

        Vonishuni: bār

        Kesehi: bāl

        Qohrudi: bōl

        Zefrehi, Kafroni: berd

        Gazi: bard

      • Sivandi: bīle
      • Talysh: [script needed] (bor)

        Anbarani: [script needed] (bur)

      • ⇒ Middle Median: *bárdag
        • Kermanic:

          Abuzeydabadi, Jowshaqani: bara

          Zoroastrian Dari: bard, barda

        • Tati:

          Southern Tati: [script needed] (barra)

      • Semnani: [script needed] (båla), [script needed] (bāleh)
    • Parthian:

      Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫏𐫡 (byr /⁠bēr⁠/)

    • Shahmirzadi: [script needed] (bēl)
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Middle Persian:

    Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫏𐫡 (byr /⁠bēr⁠/)

    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (byl /⁠bēl⁠/)

    • Classical Persian: بیل (bēl /⁠bēl⁠/)
      • Iranian Persian: بیل (bil)
      • Dari: بیل (bēl)
      • Tajik: бел (bel)
        • → Ossetian: бел (bel)

• Unsorted borrowings:
  • Old Armenian: *բարհ (*barh), բահ (bah) (see there for further descendants)
  • → Old Georgian: ბარი (bari) (possibly via Armenian)